Editing Ningbo (section)

== Economy ==
Ningbo is an important port city located {{convert|220|km|sp=us}} south of [[Shanghai]]. The city's export industry dates back to the 7th century. Today, Ningbo is a major exporter of electrical products, textiles, food, and industrial tools. The city's private sector is especially well-developed, contributing 80 percent of total GDP in 2013.<ref name="Ningbo 2014">[http://www.china-briefing.com/news/2014/05/16/investment-opportunities-ningbo-china.html "Investment Opportunities in Ningbo, China"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517120729/http://www.china-briefing.com/news/2014/05/16/investment-opportunities-ningbo-china.html |date=2014-05-17 }}, ''China Briefing'', Shanghai, 16 May 2014.</ref>

Historically, Ningbo was somewhat geographically isolated from other major cities. In 2007 the [[Hangzhou Bay Bridge]] was built, cutting highway transit time between Ningbo and Shanghai from four hours to two and a half. The city now serves as the economic center for the southern Yangtze River Delta and has been ranked among the most competitive cities in China.<ref name="Ningbo 2014"/>

In 2009, Ningbo's economic activity reached US$60.8 billion, down 10.4 percent from 2008. The exports totaled US$38.65 billion, down 16.6 percent from the previous year. In addition, Ningbo imported US$22.16 billion of goods, up 3.1 percent from the previous year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://info.hktdc.com/mktprof/china/ningbo.htm|title=Market Profiles on Chinese Cities and Provinces (hktdc.com)|website=info.HKTDC.com|access-date=26 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170040/http://info.hktdc.com/mktprof/china/ningbo.htm|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

Ningbo's economy grew 9.26 percent in 2013 to 712.89 billion yuan (US$115.12 billion).<ref name="Ningbo 2014"/> In 2009, the city's per capita output was US$10,833, about three times the national average.<ref>{{cite news|first= Langi|last= Chiang|title= Bridge to Shanghai should give Ningbo's economy a lift|url= http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/07/09/business/bridge.php|work= [[International Herald Tribune]]|location= Paris|date= 9 July 2007|access-date= 2 May 2008|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080505065125/http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/07/09/business/bridge.php|archive-date= 5 May 2008|url-status= live}}</ref>

=== Foreign investment ===
With several important development zones established in or around Ningbo, the city has received considerable foreign investment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://reindeerstation.com/plus/list.php?tid=3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701225045/http://www.reindeerstation.com/plus/list.php?tid=3|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 July 2015|title=CORPORATE SERVICE_Reindeer Station Ningbo – Expat Services for Easy Relocation to Ningbo |website=ReindeerStation.com |access-date=26 May 2017}}</ref> Over 60 domestic and foreign-invested financial institutions have established operations in the city, which has also attracted more than 10,000 foreigners. The municipal government offers preferential policies designed to encourage investment in international trade, new strategic industries, manufacturing, information services, and creative industries.<ref name="Ningbo 2014"/>

=== Economic and technological development zones ===

==== Ningbo Economic & Technological Development Zone ====
Located in the north-east of Ningbo, behind Beilun Port, NETD is {{convert|27|km|0|abbr=on}} away from the city center. With more than 20 years of great effort, NETD has already formed the general framework for large scale construction and development, and established the perfect investment environment. It is situated close to the Ningbo Port and Ningbo Lishe International Airport. Major Investors include [[ExxonMobil]], [[DuPont|Dupont]] and [[Dow Chemical Company|Dow Chemical]].<ref name="RightSite.asia">{{cite web |url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/ningbo-economic-development-zone/ |title=Ningbo Economic & Technological Development Zone |publisher=RightSite.asia |access-date=29 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110827094542/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/ningbo-economic-development-zone |archive-date=27 August 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Ningbo Daxie Development Zone ====
The Ningbo Daxie Development Zone was approved in 1993 and covers an area of {{convert|5.92|km2|abbr=on}}. Over more than ten years of development and construction, industrial and logistical foundations have been established in the zone for the transshipment of energy, liquid chemicals and containers.<ref name="RightSite.asia"/>

==== Ningbo National Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone ====
Ningbo National Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone was founded in 1999 and was upgraded to a national level zone in January 2007. It is {{convert|10|km|abbr=on}} from Ningbo International Airport and {{convert|18|km|abbr=on}} away from Ningbo Port. The zone serves as the important technical innovation base of Yangtze River Delta. Industries encouraged include chemicals production and processing, biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, raw material processing, Research and Development.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/ningbo-hi-tech-industrial-development-zone/ |title=Ningbo National Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone |publisher=RightSite.asia |access-date=29 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507144921/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/ningbo-hi-tech-industrial-development-zone |archive-date=7 May 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Ningbo Free Trade Zone ====
Ningbo Free Trade Zone is one of the 15 free trade zones authorized by the State Council of China and is the only free trade zone in Zhejiang Province. It was established by State Council in 1992, covering the area of {{convert|2.3|km2|abbr=on}}. It lies in the middle of the coastline of mainland China, at the south of Yangtze River Delta. In 2008, its industrial output value was RMB 53.33 billion and grew at 19.8 percent as compared to 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/ningbo-free-trade-zone/ |title=Ningbo Free Trade Zone |publisher=RightSite.asia |access-date=29 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501150719/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/ningbo-free-trade-zone |archive-date=1 May 2010 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==== Nordic Industrial Park ====
The Nordic Industrial Park Co. Ltd. (NIP) is one of the first wholly foreign-owned industrial parks in China located in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. NIP is managed and operated by a Scandinavian management team.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/nordic-industrial-park/ |title=Nordic Industrial Park |publisher=RightSite.asia |access-date=29 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127160234/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/nordic-industrial-park |archive-date=27 November 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Ningbo Advertising Park ====
The Ningbo Advertising Park is a national level pilot park located in the Ningbo Southern Business District. The financial incentives have attracted over 300 relevant firms to establish operations.<ref>{{Cite web |url = http://english.ningbo.gov.cn/art/2015/3/25/art_46_708896.html |title = Ningbo Advertising Industry Park begins to show its cluster effect |website = English.Ningbo.gov.cn |access-date = 2016-02-25 |url-status = dead |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304012816/http://english.ningbo.gov.cn/art/2015/3/25/art_46_708896.html |archive-date = 2016-03-04}}</ref>