Editing Nitric oxide synthase (section)

== In prokaryotes ==

{| class="wikitable"
! Name || Gene(s) || Location || width=30% | Function
|-
 | '''Bacterial NOS''' (bNOS)  || multiple ||
*[[Gram-positive bacteria]]<br/>(various)
||
*defense against [[oxidative stress]], [[antibiotic]]s, [[immune system|immune attack]]
|}
Bacterial NOS (bNOS) has been shown to protect bacteria against oxidative stress, diverse antibiotics, and host immune response. bNOS plays a key role in the transcription of [[superoxide dismutase]] (SodA). Bacteria late in the log phase who do not possess bNOS fail to upregulate SodA, which disables the defenses against harmful oxidative stress. Initially, bNOS may have been present to prepare the cell for stressful conditions but now seems to help shield the bacteria against conventional antimicrobials. As a clinical application, a bNOS inhibitor could be produced to decrease the load of Gram positive bacteria.<ref name="pmid16172391">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gusarov I, Nudler E | title = NO-mediated cytoprotection: Instant adaptation to oxidative stress in bacteria | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 102 | issue = 39 | pages = 13855–60 |date=September 2005 | pmid = 16172391 | pmc = 1236549 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0504307102 | bibcode = 2005PNAS..10213855G | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid19745150">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gusarov I, Shatalin K, Starodubtseva M, Nudler E | title = Endogenous Nitric Oxide Protects Bacteria Against a Wide Spectrum of Antibiotics | journal = Science | volume = 325 | issue = 5946 | pages = 1380–4 |date=September 2009 | pmid = 19745150 | pmc = 2929644 | doi = 10.1126/science.1175439  | bibcode = 2009Sci...325.1380G }}</ref>

They seem to have a similar function in archaea.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Orsini |first1=SS |last2=James |first2=KL |last3=Reyes |first3=DJ |last4=Couto-Rodriguez |first4=RL |last5=Gulko |first5=MK |last6=Witte |first6=A |last7=Carroll |first7=RK |last8=Rice |first8=KC |title=Bacterial-like nitric oxide synthase in the haloalkaliphilic archaeon Natronomonas pharaonis. |journal=MicrobiologyOpen |date=November 2020 |volume=9 |issue=11 |pages=e1124 |doi=10.1002/mbo3.1124 |pmid=33306280|pmc=7658456 }}</ref>

They exist in a wide variety of bacteria, including Gram negative ones (the aforementioned ''Sorangium cellulosum'' is Gram negative). The fused [Fe-S] NOS is by no means rare among bacteria, being seen across Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria.<ref name="pmid30468649">{{cite journal |last1=Santolini |first1=J |title=What does "NO-Synthase" stand for ? |journal=Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition) |date=1 January 2019 |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=133–171 |doi=10.2741/4711 |pmid=30468649}}</ref>