Editing Nomad (section)

== Contemporary peripatetic minorities in Eurasia{{anchor|Peripatetic minorities}} ==
{{off topic|date=July 2013}}
[[File:Greguss János Sátoros cigányok.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|A tent of Romani nomads in [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]], 19th century.]]

Peripatetic minorities are mobile populations moving among settled populations offering a [[craft]] or [[trade]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gmelch|first=S B|date=October 1986|title=Groups That Don't Want In: Gypsies and Other Artisan, Trader, and Entertainer Minorities|journal=Annual Review of Anthropology|volume=15|issue=1|pages=307–330|doi=10.1146/annurev.an.15.100186.001515|issn=0084-6570}}</ref>

Each existing community is primarily endogamous, and subsists traditionally on a variety of commercial or service activities. Formerly, all or a majority of their members were itinerant, and this largely holds true today. Migration generally takes place within the political boundaries of a single state these days.

Each of the peripatetic communities is multilingual, it speaks one or more of the languages spoken by the local sedentary populations, and, additionally, within each group, a separate dialect or language is spoken. They are speaking languages of [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indic]] origin and many are structured somewhat like an [[argot]] or secret language, with vocabularies drawn from various languages. There are indications that in northern Iran at least one community speaks [[Romani language]], and some groups in Turkey also speak Romani.

=== Asia ===
==== Afghanistan====
{{main|Peripatetic groups of Afghanistan}}

==== India ====
{{main|Nomads of India}}
{{see also|Denotified Tribes}}
[[File:Camels are bred by Cholistani people which they sell for business, transportation, sacrifice and meat.jpg|thumb|Camel grazers in the [[Thar Desert]]]]

==== Dom people ====
{{main|Dom people}}
In Afghanistan, the Nausar worked as tinkers and animal dealers. Ghorbat men mainly made [[sieve]]s, drums, and bird cages, and the women peddled these as well as other items of household and personal use; they also worked as moneylenders to rural women. Peddling and the sale of various goods was also practiced by men and women of various groups, such as the Jalali, the Pikraj, the Shadibaz, the Noristani, and the Vangawala. The latter and the Pikraj also worked as animal dealers. Some men among the Shadibaz and the Vangawala entertained as monkey or bear handlers and snake charmers; men and women among the Baluch were musicians and dancers. The Baluch men were warriors that were feared by neighboring tribes and often were used as mercenaries. Jogi men and women had diverse subsistence activities, such as dealing in horses, harvesting, [[fortune-telling]], [[bloodletting]], and [[begging]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}}

In Iran, the Asheq of Azerbaijan, the Challi of Baluchistan, the Luti of Kurdistan, Kermānshāh, Īlām, and Lorestān, the Mehtar in the Mamasani district, the Sazandeh of Band-i Amir and Marv-dasht, and the Toshmal among the Bakhtyari pastoral groups worked as professional musicians. The men among the Kowli worked as tinkers, smiths, musicians, and monkey and bear handlers; they also made baskets, sieves, and brooms and dealt in donkeys. Their women made a living from peddling, begging, and fortune-telling.

The Ghorbat among the Basseri were smiths and tinkers, traded in pack animals, and made sieves, reed mats, and small wooden implements. In the Fārs region, the Qarbalband, the Kuli, and Luli were reported to work as smiths and to make baskets and sieves; they also dealt in pack animals, and their women peddled various goods among pastoral nomads. In the same region, the Changi and Luti were musicians and balladeers, and their children learned these professions from the age of 7 or 8 years.{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}}

The nomadic groups in Turkey make and sell cradles, deal in animals, and play music. The men of the sedentary groups work in towns as scavengers and hangmen; elsewhere they are fishermen, smiths, basket makers, and singers; their women dance at feasts and tell fortunes. Abdal men played music and made sieves, brooms, and wooden spoons for a living. The Tahtacı traditionally worked as lumberers; with increased sedentarization, however, they have taken to agriculture and horticulture.{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}}

Little is known for certain about the past of these communities; the history of each is almost entirely contained in their oral traditions. Although some groups—such as the Vangawala—are of Indian origin, some—like the Noristani—are most probably of local origin; still others probably migrated from adjoining areas. The Ghorbat and the Shadibaz claim to have originally come from Iran and Multan, respectively, and Tahtacı traditional accounts mention either [[Baghdad]] or [[Greater Khorasan|Khorāsān]] as their original home. The Baluch say they{{Clarify|reason=Who are the Baluch talking about? Themselves, or the Ghorbat and the Shadibaz?|date=February 2012}} were attached as a service community to the [[Jamshedi]], after they fled Baluchistan because of feuds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/peripatetics-afghanistan-iran-and-turkey|title=Peripatetics of Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkey &#124; Encyclopedia.com|website=www.encyclopedia.com|access-date=2022-12-10|archive-date=2022-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210200206/https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/peripatetics-afghanistan-iran-and-turkey|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8CAv53wlHfoC&q=nomads+customary+%22peripatetic+minorities%22&pg=PA28|title=Customary Strangers|access-date=29 April 2015|isbn=978-0897897716|last1=Berland|first1=Joseph C.|last2=Rao|first2=Aparna|year=2004|publisher=Greenwood Publishing }}</ref>

==== Kochi people ====
{{main|Kochi people}}

==== Yörüks ====
{{main|Yörük}}
Still some groups such as [[Sarıkeçililer]] continues nomadic lifestyle between coastal towns [[Mediterranean]] and [[Taurus Mountains]] even though most of them were settled by both late [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] and [[Republic of Turkey|Turkish]] republic.

==== Bukat People of Borneo ====
The Bukat people of Borneo in Malaysia live within the region of the river [[Mendalam]], which the natives call '''Buköt'''. Bukat is an [[ethnonym]] that encapsulates all the tribes in the region. These natives are historically self-sufficient but were also known to trade various goods. This is especially true for the clans who lived on the periphery of the territory. The products of their trade were varied and fascinating, including: "...resins (damar, ''Agathis dammara; jelutong bukit, Dyera costulata,'' gutta-percha, ''Palaquium'' spp.); wild honey and beeswax (important in trade but often unreported); aromatic resin from insence wood (''gaharu, Aquilaria microcarpa);'' camphor (found in the fissures of ''Dryobalanops aromaticus);'' several types of rotan of cane (''Calamus rotan'' and other species); poison for blowpipe darts (one source is ''ipoh'' or ''ipu'': see Nieuwenhuis 1900a:137); the antlers of deer (the sambar, ''Cervus unicolor);'' rhinoceros horn (see Tillema 1939:142); pharmacologically valuable bezoar stones (concretions formed in the intestines and gallbladder of the gibbon, ''Seminopithecus,'' and in the wounds of porcupines, ''Hestrix crassispinus);'' birds' nests, the edible nests of swifts (''Collocalia'' spp.); the heads and feathers of two species of hornbills (''Buceros rhinoceros, Rhinoplax vigil)''; and various hides (clouded leopards, bears, and other animals)."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sellato|first=Barnard|title=Nomads of the Borneo Rainforest: The Economics, Politics, and Ideology of Settling Down.|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|year=1995|pages=56}}</ref> These nomadic tribes also commonly hunted boar with poison blow darts for their own needs.

=== Europe ===
{{main|Itinerant groups in Europe|Gens du voyage (France)}}

====Roma====
{{main|Romani people}}