Editing Normal school (section)

== Asia ==

=== China ===
[[File:Beiyang Women's Normal School.jpg|thumb|Students of the Beiyang Women's Normal School, an early example of a normal school in China (1912)]]
In [[Mainland China]], the "normal school" terminology is still preserved in the official English names of former normal schools established in the late 19th and early 20th century. The Chinese term ''normal university'' ({{lang-zh|c=师范大学|p=shīfàn dàxué}}, abbreviated 师大; ''shīdà'') refers to a modern comprehensive university established as a normal school in the early twentieth century. These "normal universities" are usually controlled by the national or provincial government.

In 1895, Qing banking tycoon and educator [[Sheng Xuanhuai]] gained approval from the [[Guangxu Emperor]] to establish the Nanyang Public School in [[Shanghai]], China.<ref name=":2" /> This comprehensive institution included the first normal school on the Chinese mainland. 

In 1923,The Supreme Education School of Peking ({{zh|c=京师优级师范学堂}}) has been renamed as [[Beijing Normal University|National Beijing Normal University]] ({{zh|c=国立北京师范大学校}}), which is the first Normal University in China's history.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BNU History-Beijing Normal University |url=https://english.bnu.edu.cn/about/bnuhistory/index.htm |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=english.bnu.edu.cn}}</ref>

Since 1949, many former normal schools in China have developed into comprehensive research universities. As of 2012, [[Beijing Normal University]] and [[East China Normal University]], both members of the national government's [[Project 985]] program, have been ranked the top two among the mainland Chinese universities that originated as normal schools.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.china.org.cn/top10/2011-12/08/content_24105530_9.htm|title=Top 10 normal universities (teachers' colleges) in China |last=徐林|website=www.china.org.cn}}</ref>

=== Indonesia ===
[[Image:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM 'Groepsportret voor de 'Kweekschool voor inlandse onderwijzeressen' TMnr 10028307.jpg|thumb|230px|Trainee teachers at the college in [[Salatiga]], [[Java]], Indonesia (October 5, 1929)]]

In [[Indonesia]], there were specialised higher institutions to train teacher by educating them in the norms of [[pedagogy]] and [[curriculum]]. Indonesian government created crash program around 1950 as B-I/B-II/PGSLP course. In year 1954, the government opened the Teacher Education Higher Education Institutions ({{Lang|id|Perguruan Tinggi Pendidikan Guru}}, PTPG) in [[Batusangkar]], [[Manado]], [[Bandung]], and [[Malang]] by Education and Culture Ministerial Decision No. 382/Kab Year 1954. Both courses were integrated to Teaching and Pedagogy Faculty at nearby university. Government Decision No. 51 Year 1958 integrate Pedagogy Faculty into Teaching and Pedagogy Faculty. In year 1962, Ministry of Basic Education established Teacher Education Institute ({{Lang|id|Institut Pendidikan Guru}}, IPG) for middle school teacher. In year 1963, B-I and B-II courses and IPG were merged into Teaching and Pedagogy Faculty under Ministry of Higher Education. In year 1963–1964, Teaching and Pedagogy Faculties were established as separate higher education institutions which were known as Teaching and Education Institutes ({{Lang|id|Institut Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan}}, IKIP). Presidential Decision No. 93 Year 1999 allowed IKIP to develop non-educational sciences and marked the end of specialised teacher education higher institutions in general.

=== Japan ===
[[File:School building of the Higher Normal School built in 1887.jpg|thumb|Tokyo Higher Normal School in 1887]]
In Japan, the first normal school ({{ill|師範学校|ja|vertical-align=sup}}) was established at [[Yushima Seidō|Yushima Seido]], [[Tokyo]] in 1872.<ref>{{Cite web |title=a. The Establishment of the Normal School：文部科学省 |url=https://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/hakusho/html/others/detail/1317281.htm |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=www.mext.go.jp}}</ref> Eventually, prefectural normal schools for primary teachers were established in all prefectures. Japanese-style normal schools were also established in the colonies of Taiwan, Korea, and Manchukuo under Japanese rule.

In 1886, the [[Normal School Order]] ({{Lang|ja|師範学校令}}) was promulgated and the Higher Normal School ({{Lang|ja|高等師範学校}}) was established in Tokyo to train secondary teachers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=a. The Promulgation of the Normal School Order：文部科学省 |url=https://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/hakusho/html/others/detail/1317344.htm |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=www.mext.go.jp}}</ref>

In 1929, [[Tokyo Arts and Sciences University]] ([[University of Tsukuba|Tsukuba University]]) and [[Hiroshima Arts and Sciences University]] ([[Hiroshima University]]) were established for Normal School graduates.<ref>{{Cite web |title=（1）The University Order and the Growth of Universities：文部科学省 |url=https://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/hakusho/html/others/detail/1317372.htm |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=www.mext.go.jp}}</ref>

During the postwar educational reform, normal schools were reorganized into universities' education faculties, arts and sciences faculty or universities of education.

=== Malaysia ===

In [[Malaysia]], the [[Ministry of Education (Malaysia)|Ministry of Education]] runs a total of 27 Institutes of Teacher Education (ITEs), which were formerly known as Teacher Training Colleges. These ITEs function primarily to educated both undergraduate and postgraduate teacher trainees. The ministry bureau responsible for overseeing them is the [[Teacher Education Division]]. The ITEs also run in-service teacher training and continuous professional development among qualified teachers.

=== Philippines ===
In [[Naga, Camarines Sur|Naga City]], [[Philippines|the Philippines]], one can find the oldest normal school for girls in the Far East, the [[Universidad de Santa Isabel]]. It is a sectarian school run by the [[Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul|Daughters of Charity]]. The first secular normal school was founded in 1901 by the [[Thomasites]], the Philippine Normal School. It was converted into a college in 1949 and was elevated to its present university status in 1992 as the [[Philippine Normal University]]. In 2009, it was named National Center of Excellence for Teacher Education by virtue of Republic Act 9647. In [[Iloilo City]], the [[West Visayas State University]] was originally established as a normal school in 1902; in 1994, it was recognized by the Philippines government as a Center for Teaching Excellence.

=== Taiwan ===
[[Image:Taiwan.ntnu.auditorium.altonthompson.jpg|thumb|230px|A lecture hall dating from the [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Japanese colonial era]] at the [[National Taiwan Normal University]] in [[Taipei]]]]
In [[Taiwan]], three universities served as national normal universities historically. Located in [[National Taiwan Normal University|Taipei]] ([[National Taiwan Normal University]]), [[National Changhua University of Education|Changhua]] ([[National Changhua University of Education]]), and [[National Kaohsiung Normal University|Kaohsiung]] ([[National Kaohsiung Normal University]]), the schools primarily cultivates [[secondary school]] teachers and also trains teachers for [[preschool]], [[Primary school|elementary school]], [[special education]] and other fields. These schools' missions have expanded since to make them ''de facto'' comprehensive research or [[liberal arts]] universities.

NCUE did not adopt the term "normal university" because its predecessor was named Taiwan Provincial College of Education, and it was unrelated to the subsequent trend of renaming education universities.

Ten Taiwanese normal schools ({{lang-zh|c=師範學院|p=shīfàn xuéyuàn}}, abbreviated 師院; shīyuàn, "normal colleges") were established [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|under Japanese rule]] and [[Retrocession Day|at the end of World War 2]], serving for primary school teacher's education. These were promoted as teachers' colleges and later granted university status in 2000s. It is distinguished under the name "Education University" from the "Normal University". Some of these were merged with comprehensive university, such as [[National Hualien University of Education]], which were merged with [[National Dong Hwa University]] in 2007. Some of them were merged with professional university, such as Taipei Physical Education College was merged with Taipei Municipal University of Education to form the [[University of Taipei]] in 2013.