Editing Organizing model (section)

===Criticisms from the Left===
Most practical criticism of the model has emerged as a criticism of the practice of the model by the SEIU and other organizing unions, especially in America.  Criticisms from the left generally contrast (explicitly or not) the organizing model to a [[rank and file model]], in which the confrontational style of organizing, and broad-based member involvement in campaigning is supplemented by broad-based member power. According to Bob Carter and Rae Cooper, the organizing model is not inherently "democratic".<ref name="Cooper">{{cite journal|doi=10.7202/006907ar|title=The Organizing Model and the Management of Change|journal=Relations Industrielles|volume=57|issue=4|pages=712–742|year=2003|last1=Carter|first1=Bob|last2=Cooper|first2=Rae|doi-access=}}</ref> In the organizing model, the workers are not as active as they could be, and staff are still responsible for many aspects of union organizing.<ref name="Cooper" /> Carter and Cooper believe that the organizing model is rather limited in terms of its scale, and it cannot start a "...wider working class movement".<ref name="Cooper" />