Editing Phase-change memory (section)

===In-memory computing===
More recently, there is significant interest in the application of PCM for in-memory computing.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Burr|first1=Geoffrey W.|last2=Shelby|first2=Robert M.|last3=Sidler|first3=Severin|last4=di Nolfo|first4=Carmelo|last5=Jang|first5=Junwoo|last6=Boybat|first6=Irem|last7=Shenoy|first7=Rohit S.|last8=Narayanan|first8=Pritish|last9=Virwani|first9=Kumar|last10=Giacometti|first10=Emanuele U.|last11=Kurdi|first11=Bulent N.|date=November 2015|title=Experimental Demonstration and Tolerancing of a Large-Scale Neural Network (165 000 Synapses) Using Phase-Change Memory as the Synaptic Weight Element|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7151827|journal=IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices|volume=62|issue=11|pages=3498–3507|doi=10.1109/TED.2015.2439635|bibcode=2015ITED...62.3498B |s2cid=5243635 |issn=0018-9383|url-access=subscription}}</ref> The essential idea is to perform computational tasks such as [[Matrix multiplication algorithm|matrix-vector-multiply operations]] in the memory array itself by exploiting PCM's analog storage capability and [[Kirchhoff's circuit laws]]. PCM-based in-memory computing could be interesting for applications such as [[deep learning]] [[Statistical inference|inference]] which do not require very high computing precision.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sebastian|first1=Abu|last2=Le Gallo|first2=Manuel|last3=Khaddam-Aljameh|first3=Riduan|last4=Eleftheriou|first4=Evangelos|date=July 2020|title=Memory devices and applications for in-memory computing|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-020-0655-z|journal=Nature Nanotechnology|language=en|volume=15|issue=7|pages=529–544|doi=10.1038/s41565-020-0655-z|pmid=32231270 |bibcode=2020NatNa..15..529S |s2cid=214704544 |issn=1748-3395|url-access=subscription}}</ref> In 2021, IBM published a full-fledged in-memory computing core based on multi-level PCM integrated in 14&nbsp;nm [[CMOS]] technology node.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Khaddam-Aljameh|first1=Riduan|last2=Stanisavljevic|first2=Milos|last3=Mas|first3=Jordi Fornt|last4=Karunaratne|first4=Geethan|last5=Brändli|first5=Matthias|last6=Liu|first6=Feng|last7=Singh|first7=Abhairaj|last8=Müller|first8=Silvia M.|last9=Egger|first9=Urs|last10=Petropoulos|first10=Anastasios|last11=Antonakopoulos|first11=Theodore|date=2022|title=HERMES-Core–A 1.59-TOPS/mm² PCM on 14-nm CMOS In-Memory Compute Core Using 300-ps/LSB Linearized CCO-Based ADCs|journal=IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits|volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=1027–1038|doi=10.1109/JSSC.2022.3140414|bibcode=2022IJSSC..57.1027K |s2cid=246417395 |issn=1558-173X|doi-access=free}}</ref>