Editing Poaching (section)

=== Asia ===
Large quantities of ivory are sometimes destroyed as a statement against poaching, a.k.a. "[[Destruction of ivory|ivory crush]]".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fws.gov/international/pdf/factsheet-ivory-crush-qa.pdf |title=U.S. Ivory Crush |publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service |date=2013 |access-date=2014-02-01}}</ref> In 2013 the [[Philippines]] were the first country to destroy their national seized ivory stock.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/06/130618-philippines-ivory-crush-elephants-poaching-world-asia/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620173305/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/06/130618-philippines-ivory-crush-elephants-poaching-world-asia/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 June 2013 |title=In Global First, Philippines to Destroy Its Ivory Stock |magazine=National Geographic |date=2013-06-18 |access-date=2014-02-01}}</ref> In 2014, [[China]] followed suit and crushed six tons of ivory as a symbolic statement against poaching.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/01/140106-china-ivory-crush-elephant-conservation/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110074442/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/01/140106-china-ivory-crush-elephant-conservation |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2014 |title=China Crushes Six Tons of Confiscated Elephant Ivory |magazine=National Geographic |date=2014 |access-date=2014-02-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/jan/06/china-crush-ivory-elephant-poaching |title=China crushes six tons of ivory |newspaper=The Guardian |date=2014 |access-date=2014-02-01}}</ref>

There are two main solutions according to Frederick Chen that would attack the supply side of this poaching problem to reduce its effects: enforcing and enacting more policies and laws for conservation and by encouraging local communities to protect the wildlife around them by giving them more land rights.<ref name=":5" />

Nonetheless, Frederick Chen wrote about two types of effects stemming from [[demand-side economics]]: the bandwagon and snob effect. The former deals with people desiring a product due to many other people buying it, while the latter is similar but with one distinct difference: people will clamour to buy something if it denotes wealth that only a few elites could possibly afford. Therefore, the snob effect would offset some of the gains made by anti-poaching laws, regulations, or practices: if a portion of the supply is cut off, the rarity and price of the object would increase, and only a select few would have the desire and purchasing power for it. While approaches to dilute mitigate poaching from a supply-side may not be the best option as people can become more willing to purchase rarer items, especially in countries gaining more wealth and therefore higher demand for illicit goods—Frederick Chen still advocates that we should also focus on exploring ways to reduce the demand for these goods to better stop the problem of poaching.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chen |first=F. |date=2016 |title=Poachers and Snobs: Demand for Rarity and the Effects of Antipoaching Policies |journal=Conservation Letters |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=65–69 |doi=10.1111/conl.12181 |issn=1755-263X|doi-access=free|bibcode=2016ConL....9...65C }}</ref> Indeed, there is some evidence that interventions to reduce consumer demand may be more effective for combatting poaching than continually increased policing to catch poachers.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Holden|first1=M. H. |last2=Biggs |first2=D. |last3=Brink |first3=H. |last4=Bal |first4=P. |last5=Rhodes|first5=J. |last6=McDonald-Madden |first6=E. |name-list-style=amp |year=2018 |title=Increase anti-poaching law-enforcement or reduce demand for wildlife products? A framework to guide strategic conservation investments |journal=Conservation Letters |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=e12618 |doi=10.1111/conl.12618|doi-access=free|hdl=10072/385839 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> However, almost no groups deploying interventions that attempt to reduce consumer demand evaluate the impact of their actions.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Veríssimo|first1=D. |last2=Wan|first2=A. K. Y. |name-list-style=amp |title=Characterizing efforts to reduce consumer demand for wildlife products |journal=Conservation Biology |volume= 33|issue= 3|pages=623–633 |doi=10.1111/cobi.13227 |year=2019 |pmid=30259569 |bibcode=2019ConBi..33..623V |s2cid=52842222 |url=https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fa31e9f9-ee2e-4aa1-a28e-7a3eaa5ed984 }}</ref>

Another solution to alleviate poaching proposed in ''Tigers of the World'' was about how to implement a multi-lateral strategy that targets different parties to conserve wild tiger populations in general. This multi-lateral approach include working with different agencies to fight and prevent poaching since organized crime syndicates benefit from tiger poaching and trafficking; therefore, there is a need to raise social awareness and implement more protection and investigative techniques. For example, conservation groups raised more awareness amongst park rangers and the local communities to understand the impact of tiger poaching—they achieved this through targeted advertising that would impact the main audience. Targeting advertising using more violent imagery to show the disparity between tigers in nature and as a commodity made a great impact on the general population to combat poaching and indifference towards this problem. The use of spokespeople such as Jackie Chan and other famous Asian actors and models who advocated against poaching also helped the conservation movement for tigers too.<ref name=":4" />

In July 2019, rhino horns encased in plaster were seized in [[Vietnam]] that were being trafficked from the [[United Arab Emirates]]. Despite the ban on trade since the 1970s, poaching level of rhino horns has risen over the last decade, leading the rhino population into crisis.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vietnam seizes 125kg of rhino horn worth £6m concealed in plaster shipment |access-date=29 July 2019 |newspaper=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/07/29/vietnam-seizes-125-kg-rhino-horn-worth-6m-concealed-plaster/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/07/29/vietnam-seizes-125-kg-rhino-horn-worth-6m-concealed-plaster/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Poaching has many causes in both Africa and China. The issue of poaching is not a simple one to solve as traditional methods to counter poaching have not taken into the account the poverty levels that drive some poachers and the lucrative profits made by organized crime syndicates who deal in illegal wildlife trafficking. Conservationists hope the new emerging multi-lateral approach, which would include the public, conservation groups, and the police, will be successful for the future of these animals.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rti.org/impact/usaid-protect-and-usaid-wildlife-asia-combating-illegal-wildlife-trafficking |title=USAID PROTECT and USAID Wildlife Asia: Combating Illegal Wildlife Trafficking |date=2018 |website=RTI International |access-date=2020-04-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.giz.de/en/worldwide/66553.html |title=Partnership against Poaching and Illegal Wildlife Trade in Africa and Asia |website=Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH |access-date=2020-04-22}}</ref>