Editing Recurrent miscarriage (section)

== Treatment ==

If the likely cause of recurrent pregnancy loss can be determined treatment is to be directed accordingly. In pregnant women with a history of recurrent miscarriage, [[anticoagulant]]s seem to increase the [[live birth rate]] among those with [[antiphospholipid syndrome]] and perhaps those with [[Thrombophilia#Congenital|congenital thrombophilia]] but not in those with unexplained recurrent miscarriage.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = de Jong PG, Goddijn M, Middeldorp S | title = Antithrombotic therapy for pregnancy loss | journal = Human Reproduction Update | volume = 19 | issue = 6 | pages = 656–673 | year = 2013 | pmid = 23766357 | doi = 10.1093/humupd/dmt019 | doi-access = free }}</ref> One study found that in many women with chronic endometritis, "fertility was restored after appropriate antibiotic treatment."<ref name="pmid24177713">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cicinelli E, Matteo M, Tinelli R, Pinto V, Marinaccio M, Indraccolo U, De Ziegler D, Resta L | display-authors = 6 | title = Chronic endometritis due to common bacteria is prevalent in women with recurrent miscarriage as confirmed by improved pregnancy outcome after antibiotic treatment | journal = Reproductive Sciences | volume = 21 | issue = 5 | pages = 640–647 | date = May 2014 | pmid = 24177713 | pmc = 3984485 | doi = 10.1177/1933719113508817 }}</ref>

For women with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss, research suggests that specific antenatal counseling and psychological support may result in a higher chance of pregnancy success.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Stray-Pedersen B, Stray-Pedersen S | title = Etiologic factors and subsequent reproductive performance in 195 couples with a prior history of habitual abortion | journal = American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology | volume = 148 | issue = 2 | pages = 140–146 | date = January 1984 | pmid = 6691389 | doi = 10.1016/S0002-9378(84)80164-7 }}</ref>  Some research finds that for these patients psychological support and ultrasound in early pregnancy "gives 'success rates' of between 70% and 80%".<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Brigham SA, Conlon C, Farquharson RG | title = A longitudinal study of pregnancy outcome following idiopathic recurrent miscarriage | journal = Human Reproduction | volume = 14 | issue = 11 | pages = 2868–2871 | date = November 1999 | pmid = 10548638 | doi = 10.1093/humrep/14.11.2868 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

However, each additional loss worsens the prognostic for a successful pregnancy{{citation needed|date=July 2023}} and increases the psychological and physical risks to the mother. Aspirin has no effect in preventing recurrent miscarriage in women with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kaandorp SP, Goddijn M, van der Post JA, Hutten BA, Verhoeve HR, Hamulyák K, Mol BW, Folkeringa N, Nahuis M, Papatsonis DN, Büller HR, van der Veen F, Middeldorp S | display-authors = 6 | title = Aspirin plus heparin or aspirin alone in women with recurrent miscarriage | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 362 | issue = 17 | pages = 1586–1596 | date = April 2010 | pmid = 20335572 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMoa1000641 | doi-access = free }}</ref> [[Immunotherapy]] has not been found to help.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wong LF, Porter TF, Scott JR | title = Immunotherapy for recurrent miscarriage | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2014 | issue = 10 | pages = CD000112 | date = October 2014 | pmid = 25331518 | pmc = 7051032 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD000112.pub3 }}</ref>

In certain chromosomal situations, while treatment may not be available, in vitro fertilization with [[preimplantation genetic diagnosis]] may be able to identify embryos with a reduced risk of another pregnancy loss which then would be [[embryo transfer|transferred]]. However, in vitro fertilization does not improve maternal-fetal tolerance imbalances.{{citation needed|date=June 2016}}