Editing Reflexive verb (section)

=== Guugu Yimithirr ===
In [[Guugu_Yimithirr_language|Guugu Yimithirr]] (a member of the [[Pama nyungan|Pama-Nyungan]] language family) reflexivity can combine with past (PST), nonpast (NPST), and imperative (IMP) tense marking to form the verbal suffixes: '''''/-dhi/''''' (REFL+PST), '''''/-yi/''''' (REFL+NPST) and '''''/-ya/''''' (REFL+IMP) respectively. See the following example where the verb ''waarmbal,'' a transitive verb meaning 'send back' is detransitivized to mean 'return' taking only one nominal argument with an agentive role:

{{Interlinear|indent=3
|Nyundu wanhdha{{=}}wanhdhaalga waarmba-aya?
|2sg+NOM when return.REFL+NPST
|When will you return?<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/793207750|title=Handbook of Australian languages. Vol. 1|date=1979|publisher=Benjamins|others=Dixon, Robert Malcolm Ward., Blake, Barry J.|isbn=978-90-272-7355-0|location=Amsterdam|pages=123|oclc=793207750}}</ref>}}

The same valence-reduction process occurs for the transitive ''wagil'' 'cut'

{{Interlinear|indent=3
|Gaari wagi-iyi
|NEG cut-REFL+IMP
|Don't cut yourself!<ref name=":0" />}}

In each of these cases, the reflexively inflected verb now forms a new stem to which additional morphology may be affixed, for example ''waarmba-adhi'' 'returned' may become ''waarmba-adhi-lmugu'' (return-REFL+PST-NEG) 'didn't return.' As with many [[Pama–Nyungan languages]], however, verbs in the lexicon belong to [[Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation classes]], and a verbs class may restrict the ease with which it can be reflexivized. 

These reflexive morphemes are largely employed for expressing reciprocality as well; however, in cases where there is potential ambiguity between a reflexive and a reciprocal interpretation, [[Guugu_Yimithirr_language|Guugu Yimithirr]] has an additional means for emphasizing the reflexive (i.e., '''by''' the agent '''upon''' the agent) interpretation: namely, the ''/-gu/'' suffix upon the grammatical subject. See for example the following contrast between the reciprocal and reflexive:

==== Reciprocal ====
{{Interlinear|indent=3
|Bula gunda-adhi
|3DU hit-REFL+PST
|The two of them hit each other.}}

==== Reflexive ====
{{Interlinear|indent=3
|Bula-agu gunda-adhi
|3DU-REFL hit-REFL+PST
|The two of them hit themselves.<ref name=":0" />}}