Editing Reinforcement (section)

===Other reinforcement terms===

* A generalized reinforcer is a conditioned reinforcer that has obtained the reinforcing function by pairing with many other reinforcers and functions as a reinforcer under a wide-variety of [[motivating operation]]s. (One example of this is money because it is paired with many other reinforcers).<ref name=Miltenberger>Miltenberger, R. G. "Behavioral Modification: Principles and Procedures". [[Thomson/Wadsworth]], 2008.</ref>{{rp|83}}
* In reinforcer sampling, a potentially reinforcing but unfamiliar stimulus is presented to an organism without regard to any prior behavior.
* Socially-mediated reinforcement involves the delivery of reinforcement that requires the behavior of another organism. For example, another person is providing the reinforcement.
* The [[Premack principle]] is a special case of reinforcement elaborated by [[David Premack]], which states that a highly preferred activity can be used effectively as a reinforcer for a less-preferred activity.<ref name=Miltenberger/>{{rp|123}}
* Reinforcement hierarchy is a list of actions, rank-ordering the most desirable to least desirable consequences that may serve as a reinforcer. A reinforcement hierarchy can be used to determine the relative frequency and desirability of different activities, and is often employed when applying the Premack principle.{{Citation needed|date=January 2008}}
* Contingent outcomes are more likely to reinforce behavior than non-contingent responses. Contingent outcomes are those directly linked to a [[causal]] behavior, such a light turning on being contingent on flipping a switch. Note that contingent outcomes are ''not'' necessary to demonstrate reinforcement, but perceived contingency may increase learning.
* Contiguous stimuli are stimuli closely associated by time and space with specific behaviors. They reduce the amount of time needed to learn a behavior while increasing its resistance to [[extinction (psychology)|extinction]]. {{Citation needed|date=January 2024}} Giving a dog a piece of food immediately after sitting is more contiguous with (and therefore more likely to reinforce) the behavior than a several minute delay in food delivery following the behavior.
* Noncontingent reinforcement refers to response-independent delivery of stimuli identified as reinforcers for some behaviors of that organism. However, this typically entails time-based delivery of stimuli identified as maintaining aberrant behavior, which decreases the rate of the target behavior.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tucker M, Sigafoos J, Bushell H | title = Use of noncontingent reinforcement in the treatment of challenging behavior. A review and clinical guide | journal = Behavior Modification | volume = 22 | issue = 4 | pages = 529–47 | date = October 1998 | pmid = 9755650 | doi = 10.1177/01454455980224005 | s2cid = 21542125 }}</ref> As no measured behavior is identified as being strengthened, there is controversy surrounding the use of the term noncontingent "reinforcement".<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Droleskey RE, Andrews K, Chiarantini L, DeLoach JR | chapter = Use of fluorescent probes for describing the process of encapsulation by hypotonic dialysis | series = Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology| volume = 326 | pages = 73–80 |doi=10.1007/978-1-4615-3030-5_9| pmid = 1284187 | title = The Use of Resealed Erythrocytes as Carriers and Bioreactors | year = 1992 | isbn = 978-1-4613-6321-7 }}</ref>