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Romanization of Hebrew
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=== Consonants === * Six consonants (beth, gimel, daleth, kaph, pe, and tav) can be hard or soft. To be specific, they are pronounced either as [[Stop consonant|stops]] or [[Fricative consonant|fricatives]] ("spirantized"). For example, the letter bet can be pronounced as "b" or "v". Tiberian vocalization marks a hard consonant with a ''[[dagesh]] kal'' (in the Hebrew term) or ''lene'' (Latin). A soft consonant lacks a ''dagesh kal'', and is sometimes explicitly marked using ''[[rafe (diacritic)|rafe]]'', an overbar. Transliterations sometimes also use an overbar or underbar to mark a soft consonant. (In Modern Sephardic Hebrew, however, only three consonants—bet, kaph, and pe—retain the hard–soft distinction. In the Ashkenazic style of pronunciation, the soft tav is sounded as "s".) * A letter that looks like shin may be that letter (when marked with a shin dot) or the letter sin (when marked with a sin dot). * Most consonants can undergo [[gemination]]. Tiberian vocalization marks gemination with a ''dagesh hazak'' (in the Hebrew term) or ''forte'' (Latin), which looks the same as ''dagesh kal''. * A consonant that is normally silent (most often he) may be sounded if it is a root consonant or possessive ending. Tiberian vocalization marks such a consonant using a mapiq, which looks like a dagesh. * A silent vav may be used to hold a holem vowel, but sometimes a vav with holem has consonant value.
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