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Rust (fungus)
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===Host plants affected=== It is probable that most plant species are affected by some species of rust.{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}} Rusts are often named after a host species that they infect. For example; ''[[Puccinia xanthii]]'' infects the flowering plant cocklebur (''[[Xanthium]]''). Recently, a total of 95 rust fungi belonging to 25 genera associated with 117 forest plant species belonging to 80 host genera under 43 host families were reported from the [[Western Ghats]], [[Kerala]], [[India]].<ref name="How many rust species exist?"/> Rust fungi include: {{Columns-list|colwidth=25em| * ''[[Aecidium]]'' * ''[[Cerotelium]]'' * ''[[Chaconia (fungus)|Chaconia]]'' * ''[[Coleosporium]]'' * ''[[Crossopsora]]'' * ''[[Didymopsorella]]'' * ''[[Hamspora]]'' * ''[[Hapalophragmidium]]'' * ''[[Hemileia]]'' * ''[[Kernkampella]]'' * ''[[Kuehneola]]'' * ''[[Kweilingia]]'' * ''[[Macabuna]]'' * ''[[Maravalia]]'' * ''[[Melampsora]]'' * ''[[Olivea]]'' * ''[[Physopella]]'' * ''[[Puccinia]]'' * ''[[Ravenelia]]'' * ''[[Uraecium]]'' * ''[[Uredo]]'' * ''[[Uredopeltis]]'' * ''[[Uromyces]]'' * ''[[Xenostele]]'' * ''[[Zaghouania]]'' }} Rust infected host genera include:<ref name="How many rust species exist?"/> {{Columns-list|colwidth=20em| * ''[[Acacia]]'' * ''[[Acalypha]]'' * ''[[Ageratina]]'' * ''[[Albizia]]'' * ''[[Arundinaria]]'' * ''[[Bambusa]]'' * ''[[Bidens]]'' * ''[[Blepharis]]'' * ''[[Bombax]]'' * ''[[Bridelia]]'' * ''[[Callicarpa]]'' * ''[[Canarium]]'' * ''[[Canthium]]'' * ''[[Catunaragam]]'' * ''[[Cinnamomum]]'' * ''[[Cissus]]'' * ''[[Cleistanthus]]'' * ''[[Clerodendron]]'' * ''[[Coffea]]'' * ''[[Coix]]'' * ''[[Cosmostigma]]'' * ''[[Crotalaria]]'' * ''[[Dalbergia]]'' * ''[[Dendrocalamus]]'' * ''[[Derris]]'' * ''[[Diospyros]]'' * ''[[Dipterocanthus]]'' * ''[[Elaeagnus]]'' * ''[[Elephantopus]]'' * ''[[Elettaria]]'' * ''[[Eragrostis]]'' * ''[[Euphorbia]]'' * ''[[Ficus]]'' * ''[[Flacourtia]]'' * ''[[Grewia]]'' * ''[[Holarrhena]]'' * ''[[Holoptelia]]'' * ''[[Hypericum]]'' * ''[[Ichnocarpus]]'' * ''[[Ischaemum]]'' * ''[[Jasminum]]'' * ''[[Justicia (plant)|Justicia]]'' * ''[[Loesneriella]]'' * ''[[Luvunga]]'' * ''[[Meiogyne]]'' * ''[[Meliosma]]'' * ''[[Mimusops]]'' * ''[[Morus (plant)|Morus]]'' * ''[[Neolitzea]]'' * ''[[Ocimum]]'' * ''[[Olea]]'' * ''[[Oxalis]]'' * ''[[Pavetta]]'' * ''[[Persicaria]]'' * ''[[Phyllanthus]]'' * ''[[Plectranthus]]'' * ''[[Plumeria]]'' * ''[[Pongamia]]'' * ''[[Premna]]'' * ''[[Protasparagus]]'' * ''[[Rubus]]'' * ''[[Salix]]'' * ''[[Spondia]]'' * ''[[Strobilanthes]]'' * ''[[Strychnos]]'' * ''[[Tabernaemontana]]'' * ''[[Terminalia (plant)|Terminalia]]'' * ''[[Toddalia]]'' * ''[[Trichosanthes]]'' * ''[[Vernonia]]'' * ''[[Vigna]]'' * ''[[Wrightia]]'' * ''[[Xanthophyllum]]'' * ''[[Xylia]]'' * ''[[Ziziphus]]'' }} Some of the better known hosts include: {{Columns-list|colwidth=30em| *''[[Arisaema triphyllum]]'', Jack-in-the-pulpit *''Avena sativa'', [[Oat]]s *''[[Berberis vulgaris]]'', Common barberry *''[[Vicia faba]]'' - Broad beans *''[[Coffea arabica]]'' - Coffee *''[[Crataegus monogyna]]'' - Hawthorn *[[Chrysanthemum]] *''[[Quince|Cydonia]]'' - Quince *''[[Euphorbia maculata]]'', Spotted Spurge *''[[Fuchsia]] spp'', *[[Garlic]] *''Hordeum vulgare'', [[Barley]] *''Juniperus virginiana'', [[Juniperus virginiana|Red Cedar]] (Juniper apple disease) *''[[Juniperus communis]]'' - Juniper *''[[Allium ampeloprasum]]'' - Leek *''[[Malus]]'' β Apple *''[[Mentha piperita]]'' - Peppermint *''[[Mespilus]]'' - Medlar *[[Onion]] *''[[Pelargonium]]'' *''[[Primula veris]]'' *''[[Primula vulgaris]]'' *''[[Pyrus]]'' - Pear *''Rosa spp'', Roses *''Triticum spp.'', [[Wheat]] *''Oxalis spp.'', [[Oxalis]] *''Secale cereale'', [[Rye]] *''[[Senecio vulgaris]]'' -Common groundsel *''[[Xanthium canadense]]'' Cocklebur }}
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