Editing Signalling theory (section)

=== Language ===
Some scholars view the emergence of language as the consequence of some kind of social transformation<ref name="Knight Power 2012">{{Cite book| last1=Knight| first1=Chris| last2=Power| first2=Camilla| title=Social conditions for the evolutionary emergence of language| editor=Maggie Tallerman |editor2=Kathleen R. Gibson| work=The Oxford handbook of language evolution| year=2012| publisher=Oxford University Press| location=Oxford; New York
| isbn=978-0-19-954111-9 | oclc=724665645 | pages=346–49 | url=http://www.chrisknight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/Knight-Power-Social-Conditions1.pdf}}</ref> that, by generating unprecedented levels of public trust, liberated a genetic potential for linguistic creativity that had previously lain dormant.<ref name="Rappaport 1999">{{cite book | last=Rappaport | first=Roy | title=Ritual and religion in the making of humanity | publisher=Cambridge University Press | location=Cambridge, U.K. New York | year=1999 | isbn=9780521296908 | oclc=848728046}}</ref><ref name="Knight 2008">{{cite journal | last1=Knight | first1=C. | year=2008 | title='Honest fakes' and language origins | url=http://www.chrisknight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/JCS_Knight_CRC.pdf | journal=Journal of Consciousness Studies | volume=15 | issue=10–11| pages=236–48}}</ref><ref name="Knight 2010">{{Cite book | last1=Knight | first1=Chris| title=The origins of symbolic culture|editor1=Ulrich J Frey |editor2=Charlotte Störmer |editor3=Kai P Willführ | work=Homo novus : a human without illusion | year=2010 | publisher=Springer | location=Berlin; New York | isbn=978-3-642-12141-8 | oclc=639461749| pages=193–211 | url=http://www.chrisknight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/The-Origins-of-Symbolic-Culture.pdf}}</ref> "Ritual/speech coevolution theory" views rituals as costly signals that ensures honesty and reliability of language communication.<ref name="Knight 1998">{{Cite book| last1=Knight| first1=Chris| title=Ritual/speech coevolution: a solution to the problem of deception|editor1=James R Hurford |editor2=Michael Studdert-Kennedy |editor3=Chris Knight | work=Approaches to the evolution of language : social and cognitive base | year=1998 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | location=Cambridge, UK; New York | isbn=978-0-521-63964-4 | oclc=37742390 | pages=68–91 | url=http://www.chrisknight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/knight_ritual_speech_coevolution.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Knight 2006">{{Cite book | last1=Knight | first1=Chris| title=Language co-evolved with the rule of law |editor1=Angelo Cangelosi |editor2=Andrew D M Smith |editor3=Kenny Smith | work=The evolution of language : proceedings of the 6th international conference (EVOLANG6), Rome, Italy, 12–15 April 200 | year=2006 | publisher=World Scientific Publishing| location=New Jersey | isbn=978-981-256-656-0 | oclc=70797781 | url=http://www.chrisknight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/knight-springer-online-fulltext.pdf | pages=168–175}}</ref> Scholars in this intellectual camp argue that even [[Common chimpanzee|chimpanzee]]s and [[bonobo]]s have latent symbolic capacities that they rarely—if ever—use in the wild. Objecting to the sudden mutation idea, these authors state that even if a chance mutation were to install a language organ in an evolving bipedal primate, it would be adaptively useless. A very specific social structure—one capable of upholding unusually high levels of public accountability and trust—must have evolved before or concurrently with language to make reliance on "cheap signals" (words) an [[evolutionarily stable strategy]].<ref name="Savage-Rumbaugh 1988">{{Cite book | last1=Savage-Rumbaugh | first1=Sue | last2=McDonald | first2=Kelly | title=Deception and social manipulation in symbol-using apes |editor1=Richard W Byrne |editor2=Andrew Whiten | work=Machiavellian intelligence : social expertise and the evolution of intellect in monkeys, apes, and human | year=1988 | publisher=Clarendon Press | location=Oxford | isbn=978-0-19-852175-4 | oclc=17260831 | pages=224–237}}</ref>