Editing Single-nucleotide polymorphism (section)

==== Methylation patterns ====
[[File:Associations between SNPs, methylation patterns and gene expression.png|thumb|Associations between SNPs, methylation patterns and gene expression of biological traits]]
Recently, preliminary results reported SNPs as important components of the epigenetic program in organisms.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Vohra |first1=Manik |last2=Sharma |first2=Anu Radha |last3=Prabhu B |first3=Navya |last4=Rai |first4=Padmalatha S. |date=2020 |title=SNPs in Sites for DNA Methylation, Transcription Factor Binding, and miRNA Targets Leading to Allele-Specific Gene Expression and Contributing to Complex Disease Risk: A Systematic Review |journal=Public Health Genomics |volume=23 |issue=5–6 |pages=155–170 |doi=10.1159/000510253 |pmid=32966991 |s2cid=221886624 |issn=1662-4246|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Jing |last2=Ma |first2=Xiaoqin |last3=Zhang |first3=Qi |last4=Chen |first4=Yinghui |last5=Wu |first5=Dan |last6=Zhao |first6=Pengjun |last7=Yu |first7=Yu |date=2021 |title=The Interaction Analysis of SNP Variants and DNA Methylation Identifies Novel Methylated Pathogenesis Genes in Congenital Heart Diseases |journal=Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |volume=9 |page=665514 |doi=10.3389/fcell.2021.665514 |issn=2296-634X |pmc=8143053 |pmid=34041244|doi-access=free }}</ref> Moreover, cosmopolitan studies in European and South Asiatic populations have revealed the influence of SNPs in the methylation of specific CpG sites.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Hawe |first1=Johann S. |last2=Wilson |first2=Rory |last3=Schmid |first3=Katharina T. |last4=Zhou |first4=Li |last5=Lakshmanan |first5=Lakshmi Narayanan |last6=Lehne |first6=Benjamin C. |last7=Kühnel |first7=Brigitte |last8=Scott |first8=William R. |last9=Wielscher |first9=Matthias |last10=Yew |first10=Yik Weng |last11=Baumbach |first11=Clemens |last12=Lee |first12=Dominic P. |last13=Marouli |first13=Eirini |last14=Bernard |first14=Manon |last15=Pfeiffer |first15=Liliane |date=January 2022 |title=Genetic variation influencing DNA methylation provides insights into molecular mechanisms regulating genomic function |journal=Nature Genetics |language=en |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=18–29 |doi=10.1038/s41588-021-00969-x |pmid=34980917 |s2cid=256821844 |issn=1546-1718|pmc=7617265 }}</ref> In addition, meQTL enrichment analysis using GWAS database, demonstrated that those associations are important toward the prediction of biological traits.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Perzel Mandell |first1=Kira A. |last2=Eagles |first2=Nicholas J. |last3=Wilton |first3=Richard |last4=Price |first4=Amanda J. |last5=Semick |first5=Stephen A. |last6=Collado-Torres |first6=Leonardo |last7=Ulrich |first7=William S. |last8=Tao |first8=Ran |last9=Han |first9=Shizhong |last10=Szalay |first10=Alexander S. |last11=Hyde |first11=Thomas M. |last12=Kleinman |first12=Joel E. |last13=Weinberger |first13=Daniel R. |last14=Jaffe |first14=Andrew E. |date=2021-09-02 |title=Genome-wide sequencing-based identification of methylation quantitative trait loci and their role in schizophrenia risk |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=5251 |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-25517-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=8413445 |pmid=34475392|bibcode=2021NatCo..12.5251P }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hoffmann |first1=Anke |last2=Ziller |first2=Michael |last3=Spengler |first3=Dietmar |date=December 2016 |title=The Future is The Past: Methylation QTLs in Schizophrenia |journal=Genes |language=en |volume=7 |issue=12 |pages=104 |doi=10.3390/genes7120104 |issn=2073-4425 |pmc=5192480 |pmid=27886132|doi-access=free }}</ref>