Editing Software patent debate (section)

===Hinders research and development===
* Some scientific studies and expert reviews have concluded that patent systems paradoxically hinder technological progress<ref>Jaffe, Adam B.; Lerner, Joshua. Innovation and its discontents: how our broken patent system is endangering innovation and progress. {{ISBN|978-0-691-11725-6}}</ref> and allows monopolies and powerful companies to exclude others from industrial science in a manner that is irreconcilable with [[anti-trust]] laws.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Patents, Potential Competition, and Technical Progress |author=Almarin Phillips |journal=The American Economic Review |volume=56 |issue=1/2 |date=March 1, 1966 |pages=301–310 |jstor=1821293}}</ref>
* [[Gary Becker]], Nobel Prize–winning economist, argues, "Their exclusion from the patent system would discourage some software innovations, but the saving from litigation costs over disputed patent rights would more than compensate the economy for that cost."<ref>{{cite news|last=Lee|first=Timothy B.|title=Here's why economists hate software patents|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2013/07/31/heres-why-economists-hate-software-patents/|access-date=31 August 2016|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=31 July 2013}}</ref>