Editing Spacing effect (section)

=== Lag effect ===
While the spacing effect refers to improved recall for spaced versus successive (mass) repetition, the term 'lag' can be interpreted as the time interval between repetitions of learning. The ''lag effect'' is simply an idea branching off the spacing effect that states recall after long lags between learning is better versus short lags.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kahana|first=Michael|date=2005|title=Spacing and lag effects in free recall of pure lists|url=https://memory.psych.upenn.edu/files/pubs/KahaHowa05.pdf|journal=Psychonomic Bulletin & Review|volume=12|issue=1|pages=159–164|doi=10.3758/bf03196362|pmid=15948289|s2cid=18549788|access-date=April 22, 2016|doi-access=free}}</ref> Michael Kahana's study showed strong evidence that the lag effect is present when recalling word lists. In 2008, Kornell and Bjork published a study<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kornell, Bjork|first=Nate, Robert|date=2008|title=Is Spacing the "Enemy of Induction"?|url=http://psych.colorado.edu/~ketels/psych4145/Kornell.Bjork.2008a.pdf|journal=Psychological Science|volume=19|issue=6|pages=585–592|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02127.x|pmid=18578849|s2cid=18139036|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref> that suggested inductive learning is more effective when spaced than massed. Inductive learning is learning through observation of exemplars, so the participants did not actively take notes or solve problems. These results were replicated and backed up by a second independent study.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Verkoeijen|first1=Peter P. J. L.|last2=Bouwmeester|first2=Samantha|date=January 1, 2014|title=Is spacing really the "friend of induction"?|journal=Frontiers in Psychology|volume=5|pages=259|doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00259|issn=1664-1078|pmc=3978334|pmid=24744742|doi-access=free }}</ref>