Editing Spectroscopy (section)

== Other types ==
{{Prose|section|date=April 2016}}
Other types of spectroscopy are distinguished by specific applications or implementations:
* [[Acoustic resonance spectroscopy]] is based on sound waves primarily in the [[Sound|audible]] and [[Ultrasound|ultrasonic]] regions.
* [[Auger electron spectroscopy]] is a method used to study surfaces of materials on a micro-scale.  It is often used in connection with electron microscopy.
* [[Cavity ring-down spectroscopy]]
* [[Circular dichroism]] spectroscopy
* [[Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy]] is a recent technique that has high sensitivity and powerful applications for ''in vivo'' spectroscopy and imaging.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Evans | first1=C. L. | last2=Xie | first2=X. S. | date=2008 | title=Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy: Chemical Imaging for Biology and Medicine | journal=[[Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry]] | volume=1 | pages=883–909 | doi=10.1146/annurev.anchem.1.031207.112754 | pmid=20636101 | bibcode=2008ARAC....1..883E}}</ref>
* [[Cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectroscopy]]
* [[Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy#Correlation spectroscopy (COSY)|Correlation spectroscopy]] encompasses several types of two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy.
* [[Deep-level transient spectroscopy]] measures concentration and analyzes parameters of electrically active defects in [[semiconductor|semiconducting]] materials.
* [[Dielectric spectroscopy]]
* [[Dual-polarization interferometry]] measures the real and imaginary components of the complex refractive index.
* [[Electron energy loss spectroscopy]] in transmission electron microscopy.
* [[Electron phenomenological spectroscopy]] measures the physicochemical properties and characteristics of the electronic structure of multicomponent and complex molecular systems.
* [[Electron paramagnetic resonance]] spectroscopy
* [[Force spectroscopy]]
* [[Fourier-transform spectroscopy]] is an efficient method for processing spectra data obtained using interferometers. [[Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy]] is a common implementation of infrared spectroscopy. NMR also employs [[Fourier transform]]s.
* [[Gamma spectroscopy]]
* [[Hadron spectroscopy]] studies the energy/mass spectrum of hadrons according to [[Spin (physics)|spin]], [[parity (physics)|parity]], and other particle properties. Baryon spectroscopy and meson spectroscopy are types of hadron spectroscopy.
* [[Multispectral imaging]] and [[hyperspectral imaging]] is a method to create a complete picture of the environment or various objects, each pixel containing a full visible, visible near infrared, near infrared, or infrared spectrum.
* [[Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy]] uses the changes in current due to inelastic electron-vibration interaction at specific energies that can also measure optically forbidden transitions.
* [[Inelastic neutron scattering]] is similar to Raman spectroscopy, but uses neutrons instead of photons.
* [[Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy]], also called laser-induced plasma spectrometry
* Laser spectroscopy uses [[tunable laser]]s<ref>[[W. Demtröder]], ''Laser Spectroscopy'', 3rd Ed. (Springer, 2003).</ref> and other types of coherent emission sources, such as optical parametric oscillators,<ref>{{cite book | editor=F. J. Duarte | editor-link=F. J. Duarte | title=Tunable Laser Applications | edition=3rd | publisher=[[CRC Press]] | location=Boca Raton | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-4822-6106-6 | author1=Brian Orr | author2=J. G. Haub | author3=Y. He | author4=R. T. White | chapter=Spectroscopic Applications of Pulsed Tunable Optical Parametric Oscillators | pages=17–142| author1-link=Brian Orr }}</ref> for selective excitation of atomic or molecular species.
* [[Light Scattering Spectroscopy|Light scattering spectroscopy]] (LSS) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to evaluate morphological changes in [[Epithelium|epithelial cells]] in order to study [[Mucous membrane|mucosal tissue]] and detect early [[cancer]] and [[Precancerous condition|precancer]].<ref name="link.aps.org"/><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Backman |first1=V. |last2=Wallace |first2=M. B. |last3=Perelman |first3=L. T. |last4=Arendt |first4=J. T. |last5=Gurjar |first5=R. |last6=Müller |first6=M. G. |last7=Zhang |first7=Q. |last8=Zonios |first8=G. |last9=Kline |first9=E. |last10=McGillican |first10=T. |last11=Shapshay |first11=S. |last12=Valdez |first12=T. |last13=Badizadegan |first13=K. |last14=Crawford |first14=J. M. |last15=Fitzmaurice |first15=M. |date=July 2000 |title=Detection of preinvasive cancer cells |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/35017638 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=406 |issue=6791 |pages=35–36 |doi=10.1038/35017638 |pmid=10894529 |s2cid=4383575 |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* Mass spectroscopy is a historical term used to refer to [[mass spectrometry]]. The current recommendation is to use the latter term.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Murray | first1=Kermit K. | last2=Boyd | first2=Robert K. | last3=Eberlin | first3=Marcos N. | last4=Langley | first4=G. John | last5=Li | first5=Liang | last6=Naito | first6=Yasuhide | title=Definitions of terms relating to mass spectrometry (IUPAC Recommendations 2013) | journal=[[Pure and Applied Chemistry]] | year=2013 | page=1 | issn=0033-4545 | doi=10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06 | volume=85 | issue=7 | url=http://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/pac.2013.85.issue-7/pac-rec-06-04-06/pac-rec-06-04-06.xml| doi-access=free }}</ref> The term "mass spectroscopy" originated in the use of [[phosphor]] screens to detect ions.
* [[Mössbauer spectroscopy]] probes the properties of specific [[isotope|isotopic]] [[Atomic nucleus|nuclei]] in different atomic environments by analyzing the resonant absorption of [[gamma ray]]s. See also [[Mössbauer effect]].
* [[Multivariate optical computing]] is an all optical [[compressed sensing]] technique, generally used in harsh environments, that directly calculates chemical information from a spectrum as analogue output. 
* [[Neutron spin echo]] spectroscopy measures internal dynamics in proteins and other [[soft matter]] systems.
* [[Nuclear quadrupole resonance]] is a chemical spectroscopy method mediated by NMR of the [[electric field gradient]] (EFG) in the absence of magnetic field
* [[Perturbed angular correlation]] (PAC) uses radioactive nuclei as probe to study electric and magnetic fields ([[hyperfine structure|hyperfine interactions]]) in crystals ([[condensed matter]]) and bio-molecules.
* [[Photoacoustic spectroscopy]] measures the sound waves produced upon the absorption of radiation.
* [[Photoemission spectroscopy]]
* [[Photothermal spectroscopy]] measures heat evolved upon absorption of radiation.
* [[Femtochemistry#Pump-probe spectroscopy|Pump-probe spectroscopy]] can use ultrafast laser pulses to measure [[reaction intermediate]]s in the femtosecond timescale.
* [[Raman optical activity]] spectroscopy exploits Raman scattering and optical activity effects to reveal detailed information on chiral centers in molecules.
* [[Raman spectroscopy]]
* [[Saturated spectroscopy]]
* [[Scanning tunneling spectroscopy]]
* [[Spectrophotometry]]
* Spin noise spectroscopy traces spontaneous fluctuations of electronic and nuclear spins.<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1088/0034-4885/79/10/106501 | pmid=27615689 | title=The theory of spin noise spectroscopy: a review | journal=[[Reports on Progress in Physics]] | volume=79 | issue=10 | page=106501 | year=2016 | author1=N. A. Sinitsyn | author2=Y. V. Pershin | bibcode=2016RPPh...79j6501S | arxiv=1603.06858| s2cid=4393400 }}</ref>
* [[Time-resolved spectroscopy]] measures the decay rates of excited states using various spectroscopic methods.
* [[Time stretch analog-to-digital converter|Time-stretch]] spectroscopy<ref>{{cite journal | pages=48–51 | doi=10.1038/nphoton.2007.253 | title=Amplified wavelength–time transformation for real-time spectroscopy | journal=[[Nature Photonics]] | volume=2 | issue=1 | year=2008 | last1=Solli | first1=D. R. | last2=Chou | first2=J. | last3=Jalali | first3=B. | bibcode=2008NaPho...2...48S}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1063/1.2896652 | title=Real-time spectroscopy with subgigahertz resolution using amplified dispersive Fourier transformation | journal=[[Applied Physics Letters]] | volume=92 | issue=11 | page=111102 | year=2008 | last1=Chou | first1=Jason | last2=Solli | first2=Daniel R.| last3=Jalali | first3=Bahram | bibcode=2008ApPhL..92k1102C | arxiv=0803.1654| s2cid=53056467 }}</ref>
* [[Thermal infrared spectroscopy]] measures thermal radiation emitted from materials and surfaces and is used to determine the type of bonds present in a sample as well as their lattice environment.  The techniques are widely used by organic chemists, [[mineralogy|mineralogists]], and [[planetary science|planetary scientists]].
* [[Transient grating spectroscopy]] measures quasiparticle propagation. It can track changes in metallic materials as they are irradiated.
* [[Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy]]
* [[Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy]]
* [[Vibrational circular dichroism]] spectroscopy
* [[Video spectroscopy]]
* [[X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy]]