Editing Streamliner (section)

==== Japan ====
[[File:Jnr.kuha86065.jpg|thumb|A JNR 80-0 series train at the [[Nakatsugawa, Gifu|Nakatsugawa]] station on the [[Chūō Main Line]] in 1979]]

After World War II, Japanese railroads favored [[multiple unit]] trains, even on their mainlines. In 1949, the [[Japanese National Railways]] (JNR) released the [[80 series]] EMUs for use on long-distance trains. Lead coaches of the 80 series built after 1950 incorporated a streamlined design.

In 1957, [[Odakyu Electric Railway]] released the [[Odakyū 3000 series SE|3000 series]] EMUs. The exterior design was developed using a [[wind tunnel]] intended for aircraft.

An Odakyu 3000 set a world [[railway speed record]] of {{cvt|90|mph|km/h|0|order=flip}} for a narrow-gauge train. Multiple unit trains were thus shown to be suitable for long-distance trains by the JNR Series 80 and for high-speed trains by the Odakyu 3000.

These experiences led to the development of the first [[Shinkansen]], the [[0 Series Shinkansen|0 Series]]. The Odakyu 3000 strongly influenced the 0 series, which was also developed using a wind tunnel.

The lead coaches of the 0 series were developed using a [[Douglas DC-8]] for a reference. At a speed of {{cvt|120|mph|km/h|0|order=flip}}, the aerodynamic style of the 0 series "bullet train" had a substantial effect on reducing air resistance.<ref>Multiple sources:
* {{cite journal|first=Yoshio|last=Ubukata|title=50 years of streamlined EMUs and DMUs in Japan|journal=The Railway Pictorial|number=426|date=January 1984|pages=16–22|location=Tokyo|publisher=Denkisha Kenkyukai|language=Japanese}}
* {{cite journal|first=Shinichi|last=Tanaka|title=Streamlined style of Shinkansen rolling stocks|journal=The Railway Pictorial|number=426|date=January 1984|pages=29–31|location=Tokyo|publisher=Denkisha Kenkyukai|language=Japanese}}</ref>

In 2020, the [[Central Japan Railway Company]] (JR Central) began operating the [[N700S]], the most recent addition to the [[N700 Series Shinkansen]]. The 16-car train reached its design speed of {{cvt|225|mph|km/h|0|order=flip}} in trials conducted in 2019 on the [[Tōkaidō Shinkansen|Tokaido Shinkansen]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://trafficnews.jp/post/84688|script-title=ja: 360km/h試験、次世代新幹線「N700S」の確認試験車で実施へ JR東海|trans-title=360 km/h test, to be carried out with confirmation test vehicle of the next-generation Shinkansen "N700S"|publisher=[[Central Japan Railway Company]] (JR Central)|language=ja|access-date=5 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927092220/https://trafficnews.jp/post/84688|archive-date=27 September 2020|url-status=live |date=25 March 2019 }}</ref>

[[File:Series L0.JPG|thumb|A JR Central L0 series five-car maglev train operating on the [[Chūō Shinkansen#Miyazaki and Yamanashi Test Tracks|Yamanashi Test Track]] in 2013]]

The JR Central is presently developing and testing the [[L0 series]] high-speed [[maglev]] train. The JR Central plans to use the streamlined train on the [[Chūō Shinkansen]] railway line between [[Tokyo]] and [[Nagoya]], which is under construction. The railroad expects to open the line in 2027 and to later extend it to [[Osaka]].<ref name=beginservice>Multiple sources:
* {{cite web|first=Yoko|last=Wakatsuki|date=21 April 2015|url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/04/21/asia/japan-maglev-train-world-record/index.html|title=Japan maglev train sets world record|work=On Japan|publisher=[[CNN]]|access-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524151535/https://www.cnn.com/2015/04/21/asia/japan-maglev-train-world-record/index.html|archive-date=24 May 2021|url-status=live}}
* {{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/21/japans-maglev-train-notches-up-new-world-speed-record-in-test-run|title=Japan's maglev train breaks world speed record with 600 km/h test run|date=21 April 2015|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group|Guardian News and Media Limited]]|location=United Kingdom|access-date=4 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418050839/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/21/japans-maglev-train-notches-up-new-world-speed-record-in-test-run|archive-date=18 April 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=[[Kyodo News]]|date=2 June 2011|
title=JR Tokai to list sites for maglev stations in June|newspaper=[[The Japan Times]]|page=9}}</ref>

A seven-car L0 series train set a world railway speed record of {{cvt|374|mph|km/h|order=flip}} in 2015.<ref name=beginservice/> The railway plans to operate the train at a maximum speed of {{cvt|310|mph|km/h}} when in revenue service.<ref name="bloomberg2013">{{cite news|url=http://www.bloomberg.co.jp/news/123-MS4JM56K50Y001.html|script-title=ja: ＪＲ東海：リニア時速500キロ、試験再開－通勤圏拡大で激変も|trans-title=JR Central: Maglev testing at 500 km/h resumes – Expanded commuter area to create major upheavals|date=29 August 2013|work=[[Bloomberg News]]|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]]|location=New York|language=ja|access-date=12 February 2015|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303183115/http://www.bloomberg.co.jp/news/123-MS4JM56K50Y001.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The train's speed would exceed that of the world's fastest commercial electric train, the Chinese [[Shanghai maglev train|Shanghai maglev]], whose cruising speed is {{cvt|268|mph|km/h|order=flip}}.<ref name=beginservice/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hunt|first1=Hugh|title=How we can make super-fast hyperloop travel a reality|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/student/student-life/technology-gaming/how-we-can-make-super-fast-hyperloop-travel-a-reality-a7529316.html|access-date=6 June 2021|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|date=19 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228163230/https://www.independent.co.uk/student/student-life/technology-gaming/how-we-can-make-super-fast-hyperloop-travel-a-reality-a7529316.html|archive-date=28 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>