Editing Sustainable development (section)

== Society and culture ==

=== Sustainable development goals ===
[[File:Sustainable Development Goals.png|thumb|right|The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals]]Sustainable development is the foundational concept of the [[Sustainable Development Goals]] (SDGs). Policies to achieve the SDGs are meant to [[Policy coherence for development|cohere]] around this concept.''<ref name=":3" />''{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goals|paragraphs=1-3|file=no}}

=== Education for sustainable development ===
Education for sustainable development (ESD) is a term officially used by the [[United Nations]]. It is defined as education practices that encourage changes in knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes to enable a more sustainable and just society for humanity. ESD aims to empower and equip current and future generations to meet their needs using a balanced and integrated approach to sustainable development's economic, social, and environmental dimensions.<ref name="UNESCO">{{Cite book|url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000261445|title=Issues and trends in education for sustainable development|publisher=UNESCO Digital Library |year=2018|isbn=978-92-3-100244-1|location=Paris|pages=7}}{{CC-notice|cc=by4}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kolvoord |first1=Robert A |title=Fostering spatial thinking skills for future citizens to support sustainable development |journal=Cultures of Science |date=2021 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=17–24 |doi=10.1177/20966083211024714 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

[[Agenda 21]] was the first international document that identified education as an essential tool for achieving sustainable development and highlighted areas of action for education.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leicht |first=Alexander |date=2018 |title=From Agenda 21 to Target 4.7: the development of education for sustainable development |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000261801 |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=[[UNESCO]], UNESDOC Digital Library}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Bernad-Cavero|first1=Olga|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hwiQDwAAQBAJ&q=Agenda+21+was+the+first+international+document+that+identified+education+as+an+essential+tool+for+achieving+sustainable+development+and+highlighted+areas+of+action+for+education.&pg=PA27|title=New Pedagogical Challenges in the 21st Century: Contributions of Research in Education|last2=Llevot-Calvet|first2=Núria|date=2018-07-04|publisher=BoD – Books on Demand|isbn=978-1-78923-380-3|language=en}}</ref> ESD is a component of measurement in an indicator for [[Sustainable Development Goal 12]] (SDG) for "responsible consumption and production". SDG 12 has 11 targets, and target 12.8 is "By 2030, ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature."<ref>United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, [[:File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf|Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development]] ([https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313 A/RES/71/313] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023121826/https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313 |date=23 October 2020 }})</ref> 20 years after the Agenda 21 document was declared, the 'Future we want' document was proclaimed in the Rio+20 UN Conference on Sustainable Development, stating that "We resolve to promote education for sustainable development and to integrate sustainable development more actively into education beyond the Decade of Education for Sustainable Development."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shulla |first1=K. |last2=Filho |first2=W. Leal |last3=Lardjane |first3=S. |last4=Sommer |first4=J. H. |last5=Borgemeister |first5=C. |title=Sustainable development education in the context of the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development |journal=International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology |date=3 July 2020 |volume=27 |issue=5 |pages=458–468 |doi=10.1080/13504509.2020.1721378 |bibcode=2020IJSDW..27..458S |s2cid=214390476 |url=https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/625146/1/Deposit.Sustainable%20development%20education%20in%20the%20context%20of%20the%202030%20Agenda%20for%20sustainable%20development.pdf }}</ref>

One version of education for Sustainable Development recognizes modern-day environmental challenges. It seeks to define new ways to adjust to a changing biosphere, as well as engage individuals to address societal issues that come with them.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Schooling for sustainable development in Europe: concepts, policies and educational experiences at the end of the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development |editor=Jucker, Rolf |editor2=Mathar, Reiner |date=27 October 2014|isbn=978-3-319-09549-3|location=Cham, Switzerland |oclc=894509040}}</ref> In the International Encyclopedia of Education, this approach to education is seen as an attempt to "shift consciousness toward an ethics of life-giving relationships that respects the interconnectedness of man to his natural world" to equip future members of society with environmental awareness and a sense of responsibility to sustainability.<ref>{{Citation |entry= |title=International encyclopedia of education|date=2010|publisher=Elsevier |editor=Peterson, Penelope L. |editor2=Baker, Eva L. |editor3=McGaw, Barry |isbn=978-0-08-044894-7 |edition=3rd|location=Oxford|oclc=645208716}}</ref>

For [[UNESCO]], education for sustainable development involves:
{{blockquote|integrating key sustainable development issues into teaching and learning. This may include, for example, instruction about [[climate change]], [[disaster risk reduction]], [[biodiversity]], and [[poverty reduction]] and [[sustainable consumption]]. It also requires participatory teaching and learning methods that motivate and empower learners to change their behaviours and take action for sustainable development. ESD consequently promotes competencies like critical thinking, imagining future scenarios and making decisions in a collaborative way.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/education/themes/leading-the-international-agenda/education-for-sustainable-development|title=Education for Sustainable Development|website=UNESCO|date=10 May 2013|access-date=17 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite book|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002330/233030e.pdf|title=Unleashing the Potential: Transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training|last1=Marope|first1=P.T.M|last2=Chakroun|first2=B.|last3=Holmes|first3=K.P.|publisher=UNESCO|year=2015|isbn=978-92-3-100091-1|pages=9, 23, 25–26}}</ref>}}
The Thessaloniki Declaration, presented at the "International Conference on Environment and Society: Education and Public Awareness for Sustainability" by [[UNESCO]] and the Government of Greece (December 1997), highlights the importance of sustainability not only with regards to the natural environment, but also with "poverty, health, food security, democracy, human rights, and peace".<ref>{{Cite book|date=2010|title=Education for Sustainable Development: Challenges, Strategies, and Practices in a Globalizing World Education for sustainable development: Challenges, strategies, and practices in a globalizing world|doi=10.4135/9788132108023|isbn=9788132102939|last1=Nikolopoulou |first1=Anastasia |last2=Abraham |first2=Taisha |last3=Mirbagheri |first3=Farid }}{{pn|date=July 2023}}</ref>