Editing Transdermal patch (section)

=== MNPs drug delivery ===
As mentioned earlier, MNPs deliver more efficient delivery compared to topical or oral intake. In drug delivery study, researchers want to gain faster [[peak concentrations]] (C<sub>max</sub>) in MNPs compared to other methods. Study shows that MNPs reach peak concentration as fast as 20 minutes (t<sub>max</sub>), while oral intake reaches peak concentration in one hour. Furthermore, the C<sub>max</sub> from MNPs is higher up to six times, compared to oral intake.<ref name=":2"/> Making the delivery fast and the body gets the most concentration of intended drugs. This value is only matched with direct injection, but with skin trauma and people with needle phobia, MNPs might be an alternative to reach roughly the same time and concentration.

In order to get more direct local delivery, MNPs can be used in different tissues other than the skin.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ma|first1=Yunzhe|last2=Tao|first2=Wenqian|last3=Krebs|first3=Shelly J.|last4=Sutton|first4=William F.|last5=Haigwood|first5=Nancy L.|last6=Gill|first6=Harvinder S.|date=2014-03-13|title=Vaccine Delivery to the Oral Cavity Using Coated Microneedles Induces Systemic and Mucosal Immunity|journal=Pharmaceutical Research|volume=31|issue=9|pages=2393–2403|doi=10.1007/s11095-014-1335-1 |pmid=24623480 |pmc=4163144 |issn=0724-8741}}</ref> In '''Table 1''', there are at least five internal surfaces that MNPs have been studied for its delivery and four other external surfaces other than the skin.
[[File:Схематичное изображение глубины введения активной субстанции.png|thumb|270x270px|MNPs may puncture stratum corneum to deliver directly to the dermis layer.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jamaledin|first1=Rezvan|last2=Di Natale|first2=Concetta|last3=Onesto|first3=Valentina|last4=Taraghdari|first4=Zahra|last5=Zare|first5=Ehsan|last6=Makvandi|first6=Pooyan|last7=Vecchione|first7=Raffaele|last8=Netti|first8=Paolo|date=2020-02-17|title=Progress in Microneedle-Mediated Protein Delivery|journal=Journal of Clinical Medicine|volume=9|issue=2|page=542|doi=10.3390/jcm9020542|pmid=32079212 |pmc=7073601|issn=2077-0383|doi-access=free }}</ref>]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+Table 1: Tissues Studied for MNPs Delivery
!Internal Surface
!External Surface
|-
|Mouth
|Skin
|-
|Vagina
|Eye
|-
|Gastrointestinal Tract
|Fingernail
|-
|Vascular Wall
|Anus
|-
|
|Scalp
|}