Editing Tryptamine (section)

=== Monoamine releasing agent ===
Tryptamine has been found to act as a [[monoamine releasing agent]] (MRA).<ref name="Jones1982">{{cite journal | vauthors = Jones RS | title = Tryptamine: a neuromodulator or neurotransmitter in mammalian brain? | journal = Prog Neurobiol | volume = 19 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 117–139 | date = 1982 | pmid = 6131482 | doi = 10.1016/0301-0082(82)90023-5 | url = }}</ref><ref name="BloughLandavazoDecker2014" /><ref name="BloughLandavazoPartilla2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = Blough BE, Landavazo A, Partilla JS, Decker AM, Page KM, Baumann MH, Rothman RB | title = Alpha-ethyltryptamines as dual dopamine-serotonin releasers | journal = Bioorg Med Chem Lett | volume = 24 | issue = 19 | pages = 4754–4758 | date = October 2014 | pmid = 25193229 | pmc = 4211607 | doi = 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.07.062 | url = }}</ref> It is a releaser of [[serotonin]], [[dopamine]], and [[norepinephrine]], in that order of potency ({{Abbr|EC<sub>50</sub>|half-maximal effective concentration}} = 32.6{{nbsp}}nM, 164{{nbsp}}nM, and 716{{nbsp}}nM, respectively).<ref name="Jones1982" /><ref name="BloughLandavazoDecker2014" /><ref name="BloughLandavazoPartilla2014" /> That is, it acts as a [[serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent]] (SNDRA).<ref name="BloughLandavazoDecker2014" /><ref name="BloughLandavazoPartilla2014" />

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:small;"
|+ {{Nowrap|Monoamine release of tryptamine and related agents ({{Abbrlink|EC<sub>50</sub>|Half maximal effective concentration}}, nM)}}
|-
! Compound !! data-sort-type="number" | {{abbrlink|5-HT|Serotonin}} !! data-sort-type="number" | {{abbrlink|NE|Norepinephrine}} !! data-sort-type="number" | {{abbrlink|DA|Dopamine}} !! Ref
|-
| Tryptamine || 32.6 || 716 || 164 || <ref name="BloughLandavazoDecker2014" /><ref name="BloughLandavazoPartilla2014" />
|-
| [[Serotonin]] || 44.4 || >10,000 || ≥1,960 || <ref name="RothmanBaumannDersch2001" /><ref name="Blough2008" />
|-
| [[Phenethylamine]] || >10,000 || 10.9 || 39.5 || <ref name="ReithBLoughHong2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Reith ME, Blough BE, Hong WC, Jones KT, Schmitt KC, Baumann MH, Partilla JS, Rothman RB, Katz JL | title = Behavioral, biological, and chemical perspectives on atypical agents targeting the dopamine transporter | journal = Drug and Alcohol Dependence | volume = 147 | issue = | pages = 1–19 | date = February 2015 | pmid = 25548026 | pmc = 4297708 | doi = 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.005 }}</ref><ref name="Forsyth2012">{{cite web | last=Forsyth | first=Andrea N | title=Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Rigid Analogues of Methamphetamines | website=ScholarWorks@UNO | date=22 May 2012 | url=https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1436/ | access-date=4 November 2024}}</ref><ref name="Blough2008">{{cite book | vauthors = Blough B | chapter = Dopamine-releasing agents | veditors = Trudell ML, Izenwasser S | title = Dopamine Transporters: Chemistry, Biology and Pharmacology | pages = 305–320 | date = July 2008 | isbn = 978-0-470-11790-3 | oclc = 181862653 | ol = OL18589888W | publisher = Wiley | location = Hoboken [NJ] | doi = | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=QCagLAAACAAJ | chapter-url = https://bitnest.netfirms.com/external/Books/Dopamine-releasing-agents_c11.pdf }}</ref>
|-
| [[Tyramine]] || 2,775 || 40.6 || 119 || <ref name="RothmanBaumannDersch2001" /><ref name="Blough2008" />
|-
| [[5-Methoxytryptamine]] || 2,169 || >10,000 || >10,000 || <ref name="BloughLandavazoPartilla2014" />
|-
| [[N-Methyltryptamine|''N''-Methyltryptamine]] || 22.4 || 733 || 321 || <ref name="BloughLandavazoDecker2014" />
|-
| [[Dimethyltryptamine]] || 114 || 4,166 || >10,000 || <ref name="BloughLandavazoDecker2014" />
|-
| [[Psilocin]] || 561 || >10,000 || >10,000 || <ref name="RothmanPartillaBaumann2012">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rothman RB, Partilla JS, Baumann MH, Lightfoot-Siordia C, Blough BE | title = Studies of the biogenic amine transporters. 14. Identification of low-efficacy "partial" substrates for the biogenic amine transporters | journal = The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | volume = 341 | issue = 1 | pages = 251–262 | date = April 2012 | pmid = 22271821 | pmc = 3364510 | doi = 10.1124/jpet.111.188946 }}</ref><ref name="BloughLandavazoDecker2014" />
|-
| [[Bufotenin]] || 30.5 || >10,000 || >10,000 || <ref name="BloughLandavazoDecker2014" />
|-
| [[5-MeO-DMT]] || >10,000 || >10,000 || >10,000 || <ref name="NagaiNonakaKamimura2007" />
|-
| [[α-Methyltryptamine]] || 21.7–68 || 79–112 || 78.6–180 || <ref name="NagaiNonakaKamimura2007">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nagai F, Nonaka R, Satoh Hisashi Kamimura K | title = The effects of non-medically used psychoactive drugs on monoamine neurotransmission in rat brain | journal = European Journal of Pharmacology | volume = 559 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 132–137 | date = March 2007 | pmid = 17223101 | doi = 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.11.075 }}</ref>
|-
| [[α-Ethyltryptamine]] || 23.2 || 640 || 232 || <ref name="BloughLandavazoPartilla2014" />
|-
| [[Dextroamphetamine|{{Small|D}}-Amphetamine]] || 698–1,765 || 6.6–7.2 || 5.8–24.8 || <ref name="RothmanBaumannDersch2001">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rothman RB, Baumann MH, Dersch CM, Romero DV, Rice KC, Carroll FI, Partilla JS | title = Amphetamine-type central nervous system stimulants release norepinephrine more potently than they release dopamine and serotonin | journal = Synapse | volume = 39 | issue = 1 | pages = 32–41 | date = January 2001 | pmid = 11071707 | doi = 10.1002/1098-2396(20010101)39:1<32::AID-SYN5>3.0.CO;2-3 | url = }}</ref><ref name="BaumannPartillaLehner2013">{{cite journal | vauthors = Baumann MH, Partilla JS, Lehner KR, Thorndike EB, Hoffman AF, Holy M, Rothman RB, Goldberg SR, Lupica CR, Sitte HH, Brandt SD, Tella SR, Cozzi NV, Schindler CW | title = Powerful cocaine-like actions of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), a principal constituent of psychoactive 'bath salts' products | journal = Neuropsychopharmacology | volume = 38 | issue = 4 | pages = 552–562 | year = 2013 | pmid = 23072836 | pmc = 3572453 | doi = 10.1038/npp.2012.204 }}</ref>
|-
| colspan="7" style="width: 1px; background-color:#eaecf0; text-align: center;" | '''Notes:''' The smaller the value, the more strongly the drug releases the neurotransmitter. The [[bioassay|assay]]s were done in rat brain [[synaptosome]]s and human [[potency (pharmacology)|potencies]] may be different. See also [[Monoamine releasing agent#Activity profiles|Monoamine releasing agent § Activity profiles]] for a larger table with more compounds. '''Refs:'''<ref name="RothmanBaumann2003">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rothman RB, Baumann MH | title = Monoamine transporters and psychostimulant drugs | journal = Eur J Pharmacol | volume = 479 | issue = 1–3 | pages = 23–40 | date = October 2003 | pmid = 14612135 | doi = 10.1016/j.ejphar.2003.08.054 | url = }}</ref><ref name="RothmanBaumann2006">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rothman RB, Baumann MH | title = Therapeutic potential of monoamine transporter substrates | journal = Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry | volume = 6 | issue = 17 | pages = 1845–1859 | year = 2006 | pmid = 17017961 | doi = 10.2174/156802606778249766 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1235860 }}</ref>
|}