Editing Affirmative action (section)

====India====
{{Main|Reservation in India}}

Reservation in India is a form of affirmative action designed to improve the well-being of [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] (SC/ST), and [[Other Backward Class]]es (OBC), defined primarily by their caste. Members of these categories comprise about two-thirds of the population of India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/hlo/pca/pca_pdf/PCA-CRC-0000.pdf |title=2011 Census Primary Census Abstract |work=Censusindia.gov.in|access-date=1 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="TOI2007">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/OBCs-form-41-of-population-Survey/articleshow/2328117.cms|title=OBCs form 41% of population: Survey|access-date=21 November 2020|work=[[Times of India]]|publisher=[[Bennett, Coleman & Company]]|date=1 September 2007|url-status=live|archive-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417023834/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/OBCs-form-41-of-population-Survey/articleshow/2328117.cms}}</ref> According to the [[Constitution of India]], up to 50% of all government-run higher education admissions and government job vacancies may be reserved for members of the SC/ST/OBC-NCL categories, and 10% for those in [[Economically Weaker Section]]s (EWS), with the remaining unreserved.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/cabinet-approves-10-pc-711767.html|title=Govt OKs 10% job quota for economically weaker sections|date=7 January 2019|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|access-date=7 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/big-move-by-modi-government-ahead-of-polls-announces-10-quota-for-upper-castes-reports/articleshow/67418661.cms|title=Modi govt announces 10 per cent quota for economically backward in general category|date=7 January 2019|work=The Economic Times|access-date=7 January 2019}}</ref> In 2014, the [[Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation|Indian National Sample Survey]] found that 12% of surveyed Indian households had received academic scholarships, with 94% being on account of SC/ST/OBC membership, 2% based on financial weakness and 0.7% based on merit.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/rediff-labs-can-you-guess-how-many-indians-get-merit-based-scholarships/20140901.htm|title=Guess how many Indians get merit-based scholarships|work=Rediff|access-date=3 January 2018}}</ref>