Editing Aid effectiveness (section)

==== Dambisa Moyo ====
Noted Zambian economist [[Dambisa Moyo]] has been a fierce opponent to development aid, and calls it “the single worst decision of modern developmental politics”. Her 2009 book, [[Dambisa Moyo|Dead Aid]] describes how aid has encouraged kleptocracies, corruption, aid-dependency and a series of detrimental economic effects and vicious downward spirals of development in Africa. She argues that foreign aid provides a windfall to governments which can encourage extreme forms of [[rent-seeking]] and through providing a positive shock of revenue, lead to [[Dutch Disease]]. Furthermore, this easy money offers governments an exit from the contract between them and their electorate: the contract that states that they must provide public goods in exchange for taxes.  In short, it "allows the state to abdicate its responsibilities toward its people".<ref>{{cite book|last=Moyo|first=Dambisa|title=Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There Is a Better Way for Africa.|publisher=Douglas & Mcintyre|year=2009|isbn=978-1-55365-542-8}}</ref> It is important to note that Moyo alludes specifically to government bilateral and multilateral aid and not small-holder charity, humanitarian or emergency aid.
Her prescriptions call for increased trade and foreign direct investment, emphasizing China's burgeoning role in Africa.<ref>{{cite book|last=Moyo|first=Dambisa|title=Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There Is a Better Way for Africa|publisher=Douglas & Mcintyre|year=2009|pages=124}}</ref>  Moyo also makes a case for micro-financing schemes, as popularized by the widespread success of Grameen Bank, to spark entrepreneurship within the continent on the ground level, thus building from the bottom-up as opposed to the top-down approach aid takes.