Editing Automation (section)

==Lights-out manufacturing==
{{Main|Lights out (manufacturing)}}
Lights-out manufacturing is a production system with no human workers, to eliminate labor costs. It grew in popularity in the U.S. when General Motors in 1982 implemented humans "hands-off" manufacturing to "replace risk-averse bureaucracy with automation and robots". However, the factory never reached full "lights out" status.<ref name="RCR Wireless News">{{Cite news|url=https://www.rcrwireless.com/20160810/internet-of-things/lights-out-manufacturing-tag31-tag99|title=Lights out manufacturing and its impact on society|date=10 August 2016|work=RCR Wireless News}}</ref>

The expansion of lights out manufacturing requires:<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://cnc-machine-tools.com/checklist-for-lights-out-manufacturing/|title=Checklist for Lights-Out Manufacturing|date=4 September 2017|work=CNC machine tools|access-date=28 February 2018|archive-date=28 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228101440/https://cnc-machine-tools.com/checklist-for-lights-out-manufacturing/|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
* Reliability of equipment
* Long-term mechanic capabilities
* Planned preventive maintenance
* Commitment from the staff