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Block voting
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=== Block voting and approval block voting === A 3-member district with 10,000 voters features 12 candidates. Block voting allows each voter to cast only one vote for a single candidate. * Under ''unlimited'' block ''approval'' voting, voters can select any number of candidates. * Under ''limited'' block approval voting, voters can cast up to six votes, twice the number of winners. * Under ''plurality'' block voting, voters can cast up to three votes, though it's not mandatory. * Under ''limited'' (block) voting, voters can cast a maximum of two votes. * Under the [[single non-transferable vote]] (which is not block voting), voters can cast only one vote. Party A has an approximate 35% electorate support, notably due to one well-received candidate. Party B holds around 25% backing, comprising two popular candidates. The remaining voters primarily favor independent candidates, but tend to lean towards Party B if pressed to choose between the two main parties. All voters engage in [[sincere voting]] with no tactical influence. {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" |Candidate ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Party ! colspan="4" |Block approval voting ! colspan="4" |Limited block approval voting ! colspan="4" |Plurality block voting ! colspan="4" |Limited (block) voting ! colspan="4" |Single non-transferable vote |- !Votes !% ! colspan="2" |Elected? !Votes !% ! colspan="2" |Elected? !Votes !% ! colspan="2" |Elected? !Votes !% ! colspan="2" |Elected? !Votes !% ! colspan="2" |Elected? |- |Candidate A1 | style="background:#D10000" | |Party A |4200 |42% |8. | |4000 |40% |5. | |'''3555''' |'''36%''' |'''3.''' |'''Yes''' |1800 |18% |4. | |800 |8% |4. | |- |Candidate A2 | style="background:#D10000" | |Party A |4500 |45% |5. | |4100 |40% |4. | |'''3700''' |'''37%''' |'''1.''' |'''Yes''' |'''3500''' |'''35%''' |'''1.''' |'''Yes''' |'''1900''' |'''19%''' |'''1.''' |'''Yes''' |- |Candidate A3 | style="background:#D10000" | |Party A |3900 |39% |9. | |3800 |40% |7. | |'''3600''' |'''36%''' |'''2.''' |'''Yes''' |'''2000''' |'''20%''' |'''2.''' |'''Yes''' |700 |7% |9. | |- |Candidate B1 | style="background:#0008A5" | |Party B |'''5200''' |'''52%''' |'''1.''' |'''Yes''' |'''4900''' |'''49%''' |'''1.''' |'''Yes''' |2600 |26% |4. | |1750 |18% |5. | |'''900''' |'''9%''' |'''3.''' |'''Yes''' |- |Candidate B2 | style="background:#0008A5" | |Party B |'''5000''' |'''50%''' |'''2.''' |'''Yes''' |'''4600''' |'''46%''' |'''3.''' |'''Yes''' |2500 |25% |5. | |'''1950''' |'''20%''' |'''3.''' |'''Yes''' |'''1100''' |'''11%''' |'''2.''' |'''Yes''' |- |Candidate B3 | style="background:#0008A5" | |Party B |4700 |47% |4. | |'''4200''' |'''42%''' |'''2.''' |'''Yes''' |2400 |24% |6. | |1425 |14% |7. | |400 |4% |12. | |- |Candidate I1 | |Independent |4400 |44% |6. | |3800 |38% |7. | |2300 |23% |8. | |1400 |14% |8. | |800 |8% |4. | |- |Candidate I2 | |Independent |'''4900''' |'''49%''' |'''3.''' |'''Yes''' |4000 |40% |5. | |2395 |20% |7. | |1500 |15% |6. | |800 |8% |4. | |- |Candidate I3 | |Independent |4400 |44% |6. | |3700 |37% |9. | |1900 |19% |9. | |1300 |13% |9. | |700 |7% |7. | |- |Candidate I4 | |Independent |3900 |39% |9. | |3200 |32% |10. | |1800 |15% |10 | |1200 |12% |10. | |700 |7% |7. | |- |Candidate I5 | |Independent |2600 |26% |11. | |2000 |20% |11. | |650 |7% |11. | |625 |6% |11. | |600 |6% |10. | |- |Candidate I6 | |Independent |2300 |23% |12. | |1700 |17% |12. | |600 |6% |12. | |550 |6% |12. | |500 |5% |11. | |- | colspan="3" |''TOTAL votes cast'' |50000 | | | |44000 | | | |28000 | | | |19000 | | | |10000 | | | |- | colspan="3" |TOTAL possible votes |120000 | | | |60000 | | | |30000 | | | |20000 | | | |10000 | | | |- | colspan="3" |Voters |10000 |100% | | |10000 |100% | | |10000 |100% | | |10000 |100% | | |10000 |100% | | |} * Under the single non-transferable vote, the three most popular candidates based on voters' initial preferences are elected, irrespective of party affiliation. * In limited voting, it is probable that the party with a plurality secures two seats (reflecting the number of votes each voter has), while the minority party gains the remaining seats. * Plurality block voting generally results in the party with the most support winning all available seats. * Limited block approval voting allows independent candidates' supporters to use their additional votes to assist candidates other than their top three choices, possibly leading to a reversal of the outcome observed in plurality block voting. * Block approval voting permits any popular party-affiliated or independent candidates to be elected, but it's plausible that nearly half of the population might not have a representative elected.
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