Editing Bone fracture (section)

====Anatomical location====
An anatomical classification may begin with specifying the involved body part, such as the head or arm, followed by more specific localization. Fractures that have additional definition criteria than merely localization often may be classified as subtypes of fractures, such as a [[Holstein-Lewis fracture]] being a subtype of a [[humerus fracture]]. Most typical examples in an orthopaedic classification given in the previous section cannot be classified appropriately into any specific part of an anatomical classification, however, as they may apply to multiple anatomical fracture sites.
* [[Skull fracture]]
** [[Basilar skull fracture]]
** [[Blowout fracture]] – a fracture of the walls or floor of the [[orbit (anatomy)|orbit]]
** [[Mandibular fracture]]
** [[Nasal fracture]]
** [[Le Fort fracture of skull]] – facial fractures involving the [[maxillary bone]] and surrounding structures in a usually bilateral and either horizontal, pyramidal, or transverse way.
* [[Spinal fracture]]
** [[Cervical fracture]]
*** Fracture of ''[[Atlas (anatomy)|C1]]'', including [[Jefferson fracture]]
*** Fracture of ''[[Axis (anatomy)|C2]]'', including [[Hangman's fracture]]
*** [[Flexion teardrop fracture]] – a fracture of the anteroinferior aspect of a cervical vertebral
** [[Clay-shoveler fracture]] – fracture through the [[spinous process]] of a [[vertebra]] occurring at any of the lower cervical or upper thoracic vertebrae
** [[Burst fracture]] – in which a vertebra breaks from a high-energy axial load
** [[Compression fracture]] – a collapse of a vertebra, often in the form of [[wedge fracture]]s due to larger compression anteriorly
** [[Chance fracture]] – compression injury to the anterior portion of a vertebral body with concomitant distraction injury to posterior elements
** [[Holdsworth fracture]] – an unstable fracture [[Joint dislocation|dislocation]] of the [[Thoracic vertebrae|thoraco]] [[Lumbar vertebrae|lumbar junction]] of the [[Vertebral column|spine]]
* [[Rib fracture]]
* [[Sternal fracture]]
* [[Shoulder fracture]]
** [[Clavicle fracture]]
** [[Scapular fracture]]
* [[Arm fracture]]
** [[Humerus fracture]] (fracture of upper arm)
*** [[Supracondylar fracture]]
*** [[Holstein-Lewis fracture]] – a fracture of the [[Anatomical terms of location#Proximal and distal|distal]] third of the humerus resulting in [[Compression neuropathy|entrapment]] of the [[radial nerve]]
** [[Forearm fracture]]
*** [[Ulnar fracture]]
**** [[Monteggia fracture]] – a fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with the dislocation of the [[head of the radius]]
**** [[Hume fracture]] – a fracture of the [[olecranon]] with an associated [[Anterior and posterior|anterior]] [[Joint dislocation|dislocation]] of the [[Head of radius|radial head]]
*** [[Radius fracture]]
**** [[Essex-Lopresti fracture]] – a fracture of the [[Head of radius|radial head]] with concomitant dislocation of the [[Distal radioulnar articulation|distal radio-ulnar joint]] with disruption of the [[Interosseous membrane of the forearm|interosseous membrane]]<ref name="wheeless">[http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/essex_lopresti_fracture Essex Lopresti fracture] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001213135/http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/essex_lopresti_fracture |date=2009-10-01 }} at Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics online</ref>
**** [[Distal radius fracture]]
***** [[Galeazzi fracture]] – a fracture of the radius with dislocation of the [[distal radioulnar joint]]
***** [[Colles' fracture]] – a distal fracture of the radius with dorsal (posterior) displacement of the wrist and hand
***** [[Smith's fracture]] – a distal fracture of the radius with volar (ventral) displacement of the wrist and hand
***** [[Barton's fracture]] – an [[intra-articular fracture]] of the distal radius with dislocation of the [[radiocarpal joint]]
* [[Hand fracture]]
** [[Scaphoid fracture]]
** [[Rolando fracture]] – a [[wikt:Comminuted|comminuted]] [[intra-articular]] [[fracture]] through the base of the first [[metacarpal]] bone
** [[Bennett's fracture]] – a fracture of the base of the [[first metacarpal bone]] which extends into the [[carpometacarpal joint|carpometacarpal]] (CMC) joint <ref>{{Cite GPnotebook|1288699906|Bennett's fracture-subluxation}}</ref>
** [[Boxer's fracture]] – a fracture at the neck of a [[metacarpal]]
* [[Broken finger]] – a fracture of the carpal phalanges
* [[Pelvic fracture]]
** Fracture of the [[hip bone]]
** [[Duverney fracture]] – an isolated pelvic fracture involving only the [[Ilium (bone)|iliac wing]]
* [[Femoral fracture]]
** [[Hip fracture]] (anatomically a fracture of the [[femur]] bone and not the [[hip bone]])
* [[Patella fracture]]
* [[Crus fracture]]
** [[Tibia fracture]]
*** [[Pilon fracture]]
*** [[Tibial plateau fracture]]
*** [[Bumper fracture]] – a fracture of the [[lateral (anatomy)|lateral]] [[tibia]]l plateau caused by a forced [[Valgus deformity|valgus]] applied to the [[knee]]
*** [[Segond fracture]] – an [[avulsion fracture]] of the [[Tibia|lateral tibial condyle]]
*** [[Gosselin fracture]] – a fractures of the tibial [[synovial joint|plafond]] into anterior and posterior fragments <ref name="hunter"/>
*** [[Toddler's fracture]] – an undisplaced and spiral fracture of the distal third to distal half of the tibia <ref name="pmid10532655">{{cite journal |doi=10.1097/00006565-199910000-00001 |pmid=10532655 |title=Childhood accidental spiral tibial (CAST) fractures |journal=Pediatric Emergency Care |volume=15 |issue=5 |pages=307–9 |year=1999 |last1=Mellick |first1=Larry B. |last2=Milker |first2=Laura |last3=Egsieker |first3=Erik }}</ref>
** [[Fibular fracture]]
*** [[Maisonneuve fracture]] – a spiral fracture of the proximal third of the fibula associated with a tear of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and the interosseous membrane
*** [[Le Fort fracture of ankle]] – a vertical fracture of the [[Anterior and posterior|antero]]-[[Human anatomical terms#Front and back|medial]] part of the [[Anatomical terms of location#Proximal and distal|distal]] [[fibula]] with [[Avulsion fracture|avulsion]] of the [[anterior ligament of the lateral malleolus|anterior tibiofibular ligament]]<ref name="hunter">{{cite journal |doi=10.1148/radiographics.20.3.g00ma20819 |pmid=10835130 |title=Radiologic History Exhibit |journal=RadioGraphics |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=819–36 |year=2000 |last1=Hunter |first1=Tim B. |last2=Peltier |first2=Leonard F. |last3=Lund |first3=Pamela J. }}</ref>
*** [[Bosworth fracture]] – a fracture with an associated fixed [[Anterior and posterior|posterior]] [[Joint dislocation|dislocation]] of the distal fibular fragment that becomes trapped behind the [[Tibia|posterior tibial tubercle]]; the injury is caused by severe [[external rotation]] of the ankle <ref name="perry">{{cite journal |pmid=6630259 |url=http://www.jbjs.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=6630259 |year=1983 |last1=Perry |first1=C. R. |title=Posterior fracture-dislocation of the distal part of the fibula. Mechanism and staging of injury |journal=The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume |volume=65 |issue=8 |pages=1149–57 |last2=Rice |first2=S |last3=Rao |first3=A |last4=Burdge |first4=R |doi=10.2106/00004623-198365080-00016 |url-access=subscription }}{{Dead link|date=June 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
** [[Combined tibia and fibula fracture]]
*** [[Trimalleolar fracture]] – involving the [[lateral malleolus]], [[medial malleolus]], and the distal posterior aspect of the tibia
*** [[Bimalleolar fracture]] – involving the lateral [[malleolus]] and the medial malleolus
*** [[Pott's fracture]]
* [[Foot fracture]]
** [[Lisfranc fracture]] – in which one or all of the [[metatarsal]]s are displaced from the [[Tarsus (skeleton)|tarsus]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009 |title=Lisfranc's fracture |url=http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Lisfranc%27s+fracture |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404164036/http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Lisfranc's+fracture |archive-date=Apr 4, 2019 |work=Mosby's Medical Dictionary |series=9th edition |publisher=Elsevier |via=The Free Dictionary}}</ref>
** [[Jones fracture]] – a fracture of the proximal end of the [[fifth metatarsal]]
** [[March fracture]] – a fracture of the distal third of one of the metatarsals occurring because of recurrent stress
** [[Cuneiform fracture]] – a fracture of one of the three cuneiform bones typically due to direct blow, axial load, or avulsion <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mabry |first1=LM |last2=Patti |first2=TN |last3=Ross |first3=MD |last4=Bleakley |first4=CM |last5=Gisselman |first5=AS|title=Isolated Medial Cuneiform Fractures: A Systematic Search and Qualitative Analysis of Case Studies |journal=J Am Podiatr Med Assoc |volume=111|issue=4 |pages=1–9 |date=July 2021 |pmid=34478529 |doi= 10.7547/20-047|s2cid=225705519 |url=https://japmaonline.org/downloadpdf/journals/apms/111/4/i8750-7315-111-4-article_12.pdf |s2cid-access=free |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302054558/https://japmaonline.org/downloadpdf/journals/apms/111/4/i8750-7315-111-4-article_12.pdf |archive-date= Mar 2, 2022 }}</ref>
** [[Calcaneal fracture]] – a fracture of the calcaneus (heel bone)
* [[Broken toe]] – a fracture of the pedal phalanges