Editing CERN (section)

== Participation and funding ==

=== Member states and budget ===

Since its foundation by 12 members in 1954, CERN regularly accepted new members. All new members have remained in the organization continuously since their accession, except Spain and Yugoslavia. Spain first joined CERN in 1961, withdrew in 1969, and rejoined in 1983. Yugoslavia was a founding member of CERN but quit in 1961. Of the 24 members, Israel joined CERN as a full member in January 2014,<ref name=ISR /> becoming the first, and currently only, non-Geographically European full member.<ref>Rahman, Fazlur. (11 November 2013) [https://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/1.557492 Israel may become first non-European member of nuclear research group CERN – Diplomacy and Defense Israel News]. Haaretz. Retrieved 28 April 2014.</ref>

The budget contributions of member states are computed based on their GDP.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=https://fap-dep.web.cern.ch/rpc/member-states-contributions|title=Member States' Contributions – 2019|website=CERN website|publisher=CERN|access-date=4 May 2019|archive-date=20 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120142735/https://fap-dep.web.cern.ch/rpc/member-states-contributions|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Member state
!Status since
!Contribution<br />(million [[Swiss franc|CHF]] for 2019)
!Contribution<br />(fraction of total for 2019)
!Contribution per capita{{refn|Based on the [[List of countries by population|population]] in 2017. |name=population |group=note}}<br />([[Swiss franc|CHF]]/person for 2017)
|- class="sortbottom" style="background:#e9e9e9;"
| colspan=5 | '''Founding Members'''{{refn|12 founding members drafted the ''Convention for the Establishment of a European Organization for Nuclear Research'' which entered into force on 29 September 1954.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.esa.int/esapub/sp/sp1300/sp1300EN1.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.esa.int/esapub/sp/sp1300/sp1300EN1.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |title=ESA Convention |date=September 2005 |edition=6th |publisher=European Space Agency |isbn=978-92-9092-397-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Convention for the Establishment of a European Organization for Nuclear Research |url=https://council.web.cern.ch/council/en/governance/Convention.html |website=CERN Council website |publisher=CERN |access-date=16 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701224642/https://council.web.cern.ch/council/en/Governance/Convention.html |archive-date=1 July 2012}}</ref> |name=founding |group=note}}
|-
| {{BEL}} || {{dts|29 September 1954}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|30.7}}|| style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|2.68}}% || style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|2.7}}
|-
| {{DNK}} || {{dts|29 September 1954}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|20.5}}|| style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|1.79}}% || style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|3.4}}
|-
| {{FRA}} || {{dts|29 September 1954}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|160.3}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|14.0}}% || style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|2.4}}
|-
| {{DEU}} || {{dts|29 September 1954}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|236.0}}|| style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|20.6}}% || style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|2.8}}
|-
| {{GRC}} || {{dts|29 September 1954}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|12.5}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|1.09}}% || style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|1.6}}
|-
| {{ITA}} || {{dts|29 September 1954}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|118.4}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|10.4}}% || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|2.1}}
|-
| {{NLD}} || {{dts|29 September 1954}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|51.8}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|4.53}}% || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|3.0}}
|-
| {{NOR}} || {{dts|29 September 1954}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|28.3}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|2.48}}% || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|5.4}}
|-
| {{SWE}} || {{dts|29 September 1954}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|30.5}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|2.66}}% || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|3.0}}
|-
| {{CHE}} || {{dts|29 September 1954}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|47.1}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|4.12}}% || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|4.9}}
|-
| {{GBR}} || {{dts|29 September 1954}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|184.0}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|16.1}}% || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|2.8}}
|-
| ''{{YUG}}''{{refn|Yugoslavia left the organization in 1961.|group=note}} || ''{{dts|29 September 1954}}''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://international-relations.web.cern.ch/international-relations/ms/ |title=Member States |website=International relations |publisher=CERN |access-date=25 November 2015}}</ref><ref name="timeline.web.cern.ch">{{cite web|title=Member States|url=https://timeline.web.cern.ch/timelines/Member-states|website=CERN timelines|publisher=CERN|access-date=25 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704175432/https://timeline.web.cern.ch/timelines/Member-states|archive-date=4 July 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|0}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|0}}% || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|0.0}}
|- class="sortbottom" style="background:#e9e9e9;"
| colspan=5 | '''Acceded Members'''{{refn|Acceded members become CERN member states by ratifying the CERN convention.<ref name="Member States">{{cite web |title=CERN Member States |url=https://council.web.cern.ch/council/en/MemberStates.html |website=CERN Council website |publisher=CERN |access-date=16 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701224138/https://council.web.cern.ch/council/en/MemberStates.html |archive-date=1 July 2012}}</ref> |name=acceded |group=note}}
|-
| {{AUT}} || {{dts|1 June 1959}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|24.7}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|2.16}}% || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|2.9}}
|-
| {{ESP}}{{refn|Spain was previously a member state from 1961 to 1969|group=note}} || {{dts|1 January 1983}}<ref name="timeline.web.cern.ch"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://international-relations.web.cern.ch/International-Relations/ms/es.html |title=Spain |website=International Relations |publisher=CERN |access-date=25 November 2015}}</ref> || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|80.7}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|7.06}}% || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|2.0}}
|-
| {{PRT}} || {{dts|1 January 1986}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|12.5}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|1.09}}% || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|1.3}}
|-
| {{FIN}} || {{dts|1 January 1991}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|15.1}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|1.32}}% || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|2.8}}
|-
| {{POL}} || {{dts|1 July 1991}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|31.9}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|2.79}}% || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|0.8}}
|-
| {{HUN}} || {{dts|1 July 1992}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|7.0}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|0.609}}% || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|0.7}}
|-
| {{CZE}} || {{dts|1 July 1993}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|10.9}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|0.950}}% || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|1.1}}
|-
| {{SVK}} || {{dts|1 July 1993}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|5.6}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|0.490}}% || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|1.0}}
|-
| {{BGR}} || {{dts|11 June 1999}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|3.4}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|0.297}}% || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|0.4}}
|-
| {{ISR}} || {{dts|6 January 2014}}<ref name=ISR>{{cite web |url=https://international-relations.web.cern.ch/International-Relations/ms/il.html |title=Israel |website=International Relations |publisher=CERN |access-date=5 July 2014}}</ref> || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|19.7}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|1.73}}% || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|2.7}}
|-
| {{ROM}} || {{dts|17 July 2016}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://press.cern/press-releases/2016/07/cern-welcomes-romania-its-twenty-second-member-state|title=CERN welcomes Romania as its twenty-second Member State {{!}} Media and Press Relations|website=press.cern|language=en|access-date=10 December 2017}}</ref> || style="text-align:right;" | {{nts|12.0}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|1.05}}% || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|0.6}}
|-
| {{SRB}} || {{dts|24 March 2019}}<ref name=SRB>{{cite web |url=https://home.cern/news/press-release/cern/serbia-joins-cern-its-23rd-member-state |title=Serbia joins CERN as its 23rd Member State |website=Media and Press Relations |publisher=CERN | date=24 March 2019 |access-date=30 March 2019}}</ref> || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|2.5}} || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|0.221}}% || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|0.1}}
|-
|{{EST}}
|{{dts|30 August 2024}}<ref name="home.cern">{{Cite web|title=CERN welcomes Estonia as its 24th Member State|url=https://home.cern/news/press-release/cern/cern-welcomes-estonia-its-24th-member-state|access-date=2024-08-30|website=CERN|language=en}}</ref>|| style="text-align:right;" | {{nts|1.0}} || style="text-align:right;"|  N/A || style="text-align:right;"| N/A
|- class="sortbottom" style="background:#e9e9e9;"
| colspan=5 | '''Associate Members in the pre-stage to membership'''
|-
| {{CYP}} || {{dts|1 April 2016}}<ref name="cyprus-assoc">{{cite web |url=https://international-relations.web.cern.ch/International-Relations/assoc/cyprus.html |title=Cyprus |website=International Relations |publisher=CERN |access-date=4 April 2016}}</ref> || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|1.0}} || style="text-align:right;"|  N/A || style="text-align:right;"| N/A
|-
| {{SLO}} || {{dts|4 July 2017}}<ref name="slovenia-assoc">{{cite web |url=https://press.cern/press-releases/2016/12/slovenia-enter-associate-member-state-family-cern |title=Slovenia to enter the Associate Member State family of CERN |website=Media and Press Relations |publisher=CERN |date=16 December 2016}}</ref><ref name="slovenia-assoc-ratify">{{cite web | url=https://press.cern/update/2017/07/slovenia-becomes-associate-member-pre-stage-membership-cern | title=Slovenia becomes an Associate Member in the pre-stage to Membership at CERN | website=Media and Press Relations | publisher=CERN | date=4 July 2017 | access-date=4 July 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103080639/https://press.cern/update/2017/07/slovenia-becomes-associate-member-pre-stage-membership-cern | archive-date=3 November 2018 | url-status=dead }}</ref> || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|1.0}} || style="text-align:right;"|  N/A || style="text-align:right;"| N/A
|- class="sortbottom" style="background:#e9e9e9;"
| colspan=5 | '''Associate Members'''
|-
| {{TUR}} || {{dts|6 May 2015}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://international-relations.web.cern.ch/International-Relations/assoc/turkey.html |title=Turkey |website=International Relations |publisher=CERN |access-date=28 August 2015}}</ref> || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|5.7}} || style="text-align:right;"|  N/A || style="text-align:right;"|  N/A
|-
| {{PAK}} || {{dts|31 July 2015}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://international-relations.web.cern.ch/International-Relations/assoc/pakistan.html |title=Pakistan |website=International Relations |publisher=CERN |access-date=21 November 2016}}</ref> || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|1.7}} || style="text-align:right;"|  N/A || style="text-align:right;"| N/A
|-
| {{UKR}} || {{dts|5 October 2016}}<ref name="ukraine">{{cite web |url=https://home.cern/news/news/cern/ukraine-becomes-associate-member-cern |title=Ukraine becomes an associate member of CERN |website=Media and Press Relations |publisher=CERN |date=5 October 2016}}</ref> || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|1.0}} || style="text-align:right;"|  N/A|| style="text-align:right;"| N/A
|-
| {{IND}} || {{dts|16 January 2017}}<ref name="india">{{cite web|url=https://home.cern/about/updates/2017/01/india-becomes-associate-member-state-cern |title=India becomes Associate Member State of CERN |website=CERN Updates |publisher=CERN |date=16 January 2017}}</ref> || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|13.8}} || style="text-align:right;"| N/A || style="text-align:right;"| N/A
|-
| {{LIT}} || {{dts|8 January 2018}}<ref name="lithuania-assoc-cern"/> || style="text-align:right;"|{{Nts|1.0}}|| style="text-align:right;" | N/A || style="text-align:right;"| N/A
|-
|{{CRO}} || {{dts|10 October 2019}}<ref name="international-relations.web.cern.ch">{{Cite web|url=https://international-relations.web.cern.ch/stakeholder-relations/states/croatia|title=Croatia {{!}} International Relations|website=international-relations.web.cern.ch|access-date=5 January 2020}}</ref> || style="text-align:right;"| {{nts|0.25}} || style="text-align:right;"| N/A  || style="text-align:right;" | N/A
|-
|{{LAT}} || {{dts|2 August 2021}}<ref name="latvia-becomes-AMS-cern">{{cite news |title=Latvia becomes Associate Member State of CERN |url=https://home.cern/news/news/cern/latvia-becomes-associate-member-state-cern |access-date=5 November 2022 |work=CERN |date=2 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref> || style="text-align:right;"|  || style="text-align:right;"| N/A  || style="text-align:right;" | N/A
|-
|{{BRA}} || {{dts|13 March 2024}}<ref name="brazil-becomes-AMS-cern">{{cite news |title=Brazil becomes Associate Member State of CERN |url=https://home.cern/news/news/cern/brazil-becomes-associate-member-state-cern |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=CERN |date=22 March 2024 |language=en}}</ref> || style="text-align:right;"|  || style="text-align:right;"| N/A  || style="text-align:right;" | N/A
|- class="sortbottom" style="background:#e9e9e9;"
| |{{hs|za}}'''Total Members, Candidates and Associates'''||  || style="text-align:right;" |'''{{nts|1,171.2}}'''<ref name="autogenerated1" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=2021 Annual Contributions to CERN budget|url=https://fap-dep.web.cern.ch/rpc/2021-annual-contributions-cern-budget|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-21|website=CERN website|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219020118/https://fap-dep.web.cern.ch/rpc/2021-annual-contributions-cern-budget |archive-date=19 February 2021 }}</ref>|| style="text-align:right;" |'''{{nts|100.0}}%'''|| style="text-align:right;" | N/A

|}

{{reflist|group=note}}

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
|-
! Maps of the history of CERN membership
|-
| <gallery>
File:Cernfounders.png|1954 (12 members): CERN is founded {{Cref|a}} (1954-1990 borders)
File:CERN1959.png|1959 (13 members): Austria joins (1954-1990 borders)
File:CERN1961and1983.png|1961 (13 members): Spain joins and [[Yugoslavia]] leaves (1954-1990 borders)
File:CERN1969.png|1969 (12 members): Spain leaves (1954-1990 borders)
File:CERN1961and1983.png|1983 (13 members): Spain re-joins (1954-1990 borders)
File:CERN1985.png|1985 (14 members): Portugal joins (1954-1990 borders)
File:CERN1991.png|1991 (16 members): Poland and Finland join, and Germany has been [[Reunification of Germany|reunified]] (post 1993 borders)
File:CERN1992.png|1992 (17 members): Hungary joins (post 1993 borders)
File:CERN1993.png|1993 (19 members): Czech Republic and Slovakia join (post 1993 borders)
File:CERN1999.png|1999 (20 members): Bulgaria joins (post 1993 borders)
File:CERN-Membership-History.gif|Animated map showing changes in CERN membership from 1954 until 1999 (borders are as at dates of change)
</gallery>
|}

=== Enlargement ===


Associate Members, Candidates:
* Turkey signed an association agreement on 12 May 2014<ref name="TUR">{{cite web |url=https://home.cern/about/updates/2014/05/turkey-become-associate-member-state-cern |website=CERN press release |publisher=CERN |title=Turkey to become Associate Member State of CERN |date=12 May 2014 |access-date=5 July 2014}}</ref> and became an associate member on 6 May 2015.
* Pakistan signed an association agreement on 19 December 2014<ref name="PAK">{{cite web |date=20 June 2014 |title=Pakistan Becomes the First Associate CERN Member from Asia |url=https://www.mofa.gov.pk/pr-details.php?prID=2050 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626192200/http://www.mofa.gov.pk/pr-details.php?prID=2050 |archive-date=26 Jun 2018 |access-date=5 July 2014 |website=Government of Pakistan press releases |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government of Pakistan}}</ref> and became an associate member on 31 July 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title = Pakistan becomes Associate Member State of CERN |url = https://home.cern/about/updates/2015/07/pakistan-becomes-associate-member-state-cern|website = CERN|access-date = 1 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Pakistan officially becomes an associate member of CERN – The Express Tribune| date=31 July 2015 |url = https://tribune.com.pk/story/930265/pakistan-officially-becomes-an-associate-member-of-cern/|access-date = 1 August 2015}}</ref>
* Cyprus signed an association agreement on 5 October 2012 and became an associate member in the pre-stage to membership on 1 April 2016.<ref name="cyprus-assoc" />
* Ukraine signed an association agreement on 3 October 2013. The agreement was ratified on 5 October 2016.<ref name="ukraine" />
* India signed an association agreement on 21 November 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://press.cern/press-releases/2016/11/india-become-associate-member-state-cern |title=India to become Associate Member State of CERN |date=21 November 2016}}</ref> The agreement was ratified on 16 January 2017.<ref name="india" />
* Slovenia was approved for admission as an Associate Member state in the pre-stage to membership on 16 December 2016.<ref name="slovenia-assoc" /> The agreement was ratified on 4 July 2017.<ref name="slovenia-assoc-ratify" />
* Lithuania was approved for admission as an Associate Member state on 16 June 2017. The association agreement was signed on 27 June 2017 and ratified on 8 January 2018.<ref name="lithuania-assoc-lrp">{{cite web|url=https://www.lrp.lt/en/press-centre/press-releases/lithuania-has-become-associate-member-of-cern/27822|title=Lithuania has become associate member of CERN|website=lrp.lt}}</ref><ref name="lithuania-assoc-cern">{{cite web |author=Jarlett |first=Harriet Kim |date=8 January 2018 |title=Lithuania becomes Associate Member State of CERN |url=https://home.cern/about/updates/2018/01/lithuania-becomes-associate-member-state-cern |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314173513/https://home.cern/about/updates/2018/01/lithuania-becomes-associate-member-state-cern |archive-date=14 March 2018 |access-date=8 January 2018 |website=CERN}}</ref>
* Croatia was approved for admission as an Associate Member state on 28 February 2019. The agreement was ratified on 10 October 2019.<ref name="international-relations.web.cern.ch" />
* Latvia and CERN signed an associate membership agreement on 14 April 2021.<ref>{{cite news |title=Latvia to join CERN as an Associate Member State |url=https://home.cern/news/press-release/cern/latvia-join-cern-associate-member-state |access-date=5 November 2022 |work=CERN |date=14 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Latvia was formally admitted as an Associate Member on 2 August 2021.<ref name="latvia-becomes-AMS-cern" />
* Brazil became the first associate member of the Americas on 13 March 2024, after signing the associate membership agreement in March 2022.<ref name="brazil-becomes-AMS-cern" />
* Chile and Ireland were approved as new Associate Member States, subject to completion of the necessary accession and ratification processes in the countries on March 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gianotti |first=Fabiola |date=2025-04-04 |title=News from the March 2025 CERN Council Session |url=https://home.cern/news/opinion/cern/news-march-2025-cern-council-session |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=CERN |language=en}}</ref>

=== International relations ===

Three countries have observer status:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://international-relations.web.cern.ch/International-Relations/obs/ |title=Observers |website=International Relations |publisher=CERN |access-date=15 December 2015}}</ref>
* Japan – since 1995
* Russia – since 1993 (suspended as of March 2022)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://home.cern/news/news/cern/cern-council-responds-russian-invasion-ukraine|title=CERN Council responds to Russian invasion of Ukraine |website=News |publisher=CERN |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref>
* United States – since 1997

Also observers are the following international organizations:
* UNESCO – since 1954
* [[European Commission]] – since 1985
* [[Joint Institute for Nuclear Research|JINR]] – since 2014 (suspended as of March 2022)<ref name="war2022">{{cite web |url=https://home.cern/news/news/cern/cern-council-takes-further-measures-response-invasion-ukraine|title=CERN Council takes further measures in response to the invasion of Ukraine |website=News |publisher=CERN |access-date=25 March 2022}}</ref>

Non-Member States (with dates of Co-operation Agreements) currently involved in CERN programmes are:<ref name="member-states">{{cite web|url=https://home.cern/about/member-states |title=Member states |publisher=CERN |access-date=3 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Associate & Non-Member State Relations {{!}} International Relations |url=https://international-relations.web.cern.ch/stakeholder-relations/Associate-Non-Member-State-Relations#NMS |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=international-relations.web.cern.ch}}</ref>

{{Columns-list|
* Albania – October 2014
* Algeria – 2008
* Argentina – 11 March 1992
* Armenia – 25 March 1994
* Australia – 1 November 1991
* Azerbaijan – 3 December 1997
* Bangladesh – 2014
* Belarus – 28 June 1994 (suspended as of March 2022<ref name="war2022"/>)
* Bolivia – 2007
* Bosnia & Herzegovina – 16 February 2021<ref>{{cite web |url=https://home.cern/news/news/cern/cern-lays-foundations-collaboration-bosnia-and-herzegovina-through-international |title=CERN lays foundations for collaboration with Bosnia and Herzegovina through International Cooperation Agreement |website=CERN |access-date=28 August 2023}}</ref>
* Canada – 11 October 1996
* Chile – 10 October 1991
* China – 12 July 1991, 14 August 1997 & 17 February 2004
* Colombia – 15 May 1993
* Costa Rica – February 2014
* Ecuador – 1999
* Egypt – 16 January 2006
* Georgia – 11 October 1996
* Iceland – 11 September 1996
* Iran – 5 July 2001
* Jordan – 12 June 2003<ref>{{cite web |url=https://international-relations.web.cern.ch/international-relations/nms/jordan.html |title=Jordan |website=International Relations |publisher=CERN |access-date=4 July 2012}}</ref> MoU with Jordan and [[International Centre for Synchrotron-Light for Experimental Science Applications in the Middle East|SESAME]], in preparation of a cooperation agreement signed in 2004.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://international-relations.web.cern.ch/International-Relations/orgints/sesame.html |title=SESAME |website=International Relations |publisher=CERN |date=17 October 2011 |access-date=4 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701224730/https://international-relations.web.cern.ch/International-Relations/orgints/sesame.html |archive-date=1 July 2012}}</ref>
* Kazakhstan – June 2018
* Lebanon – 2015
* Malta – 10 January 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cds.cern.ch/journal/CERNBulletin/2008/06/News%20Articles/1083445 |title=Prime Minister of Malta visits CERN |publisher=CERN |date=10 January 2008 |access-date=23 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20080111/local/malta-signs-agreement-with-cern.191318 |title=Malta signs agreement with CERN |newspaper=The Times|location=Malta |date=11 January 2008 |access-date=23 May 2014}}</ref>
* Mexico – 20 February 1998
* Mongolia – 2014
* Montenegro – 12 October 1990
* Morocco – 14 April 1997
* Nepal – 19 September 2017
* New Zealand – 4 December 2003
* North Macedonia – 27 April 2009
* Palestine – December 2015
* Paraguay – January 2019
* Peru – 23 February 1993
* Philippines – 2018
* Qatar – 2016
* Republic of Korea (South Korea) – 25 October 2006
* Saudi Arabia – 2006
* South Africa – 4 July 1992
* Sri Lanka – February 2017
* Thailand – 2018
* Tunisia – May 2014
* United Arab Emirates – 2006
* Vietnam – 2008}}

CERN also has scientific contacts with the following other countries:<ref name="member-states"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Associate & Non-Member State Relations {{!}} International Relations |url=https://international-relations.web.cern.ch/stakeholder-relations/Associate-Non-Member-State-Relations |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=international-relations.web.cern.ch}}</ref>

{{Columns-list|* Bahrain
* Cuba
* Ghana
* Honduras
* Hong Kong
* Indonesia
* Ireland
* Kuwait
* Luxemburg
* Madagascar
* Malaysia
* Mauritius
* Morocco
* Mozambique
* Oman
* Rwanda
* Singapore
* Sudan
* Taiwan
* Tanzania
* Uzbekistan
* Zambia}}

International research institutions, such as CERN, can aid in science diplomacy.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Quevedo|first=Fernando|title=The Importance of International Research Institutions for Science Diplomacy|journal=Science & Diplomacy|date=July 2013|volume=2|issue=3|url=https://www.sciencediplomacy.org/perspective/2013/importance-international-research-institutions-for-science-diplomacy}}</ref>

=== Associated institutions ===
[[File:ESO and CERN sign cooperation agreement.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|right|[[ESO]] and CERN have a cooperation agreement.<ref name="ESO-201310">{{cite web|title=ESO and CERN Sign Cooperation Agreement|url=https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann15098/|access-date=21 December 2015}}</ref>]]
A large number of institutes around the world are [[:Category:Institutes associated with CERN|associated to CERN]] through current collaboration agreements and/or historical links.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The CERN Experimental Programme: Greybook|url=https://greybook.cern.ch/country/list|url-status=live|access-date=2021-11-02|website=greybook.cern.ch|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102122354/https://greybook.cern.ch/country/list |archive-date=2 November 2021 }}</ref> The list below contains organizations represented as observers to the CERN Council, organizations to which CERN is an observer and organizations based on the CERN model:
* [[European Molecular Biology Laboratory]], organization based on the CERN model<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-04-13 |title=EMBL History – EMBL |url=http://www.embl.de/aboutus/general_information/history/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413125139/http://www.embl.de/aboutus/general_information/history/ |archive-date=13 April 2014 |access-date=2021-11-02}}</ref>
* [[European Space Research Organisation]] (since 1975 [[European Space Agency|ESA]]), organization based on the CERN model<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Bonnet|first1=Roger-M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=shvdfRZ6nZ8C&pg=58|title=International Cooperation in Space: The Example of the European Space Agency|last2=Manno|first2=Vittorio|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=1994|isbn=978-0-674-45835-2|pages=58–59|language=en}}</ref>
* [[European Southern Observatory]], organization based on the CERN model<ref>{{Cite book|last=Blaauw|first=Adriaan|url=https://www.eso.org/public/products/books/book_0044/|title=ESO's Early History: The European Southern Observatory from Concept to Reality|publisher=ESO|year=1991|isbn=978-3-923524-40-2|pages=8|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Joint Institute for Nuclear Research|JINR]], observer to CERN Council,<ref>{{Cite web|title=JINR {{!}} International Relations|url=https://international-relations.web.cern.ch/stakeholder-relations/states/jinr|access-date=2021-11-02|website=international-relations.web.cern.ch}}</ref> CERN is represented in the JINR Council.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Governing and Advisory Bodies of JINR|url=http://www.jinr.ru/jinr_structure-en/realisators-en/|access-date=2021-11-02|website=Joint Institute for Nuclear Research|language=en-US}}</ref> JINR is currently suspended, due to the CERN Council Resolution of 25 March 2022.<ref name="member-states" />
* [[Synchrotron-Light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East|SESAME]], CERN is an observer to the SESAME Council<ref>{{Cite web|title=Members and observers of SESAME {{!}} SESAME {{!}} Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East|url=https://www.sesame.org.jo/about-us/members-sesame|url-status=live|access-date=2021-11-02|website=www.sesame.org.jo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201230148/https://www.sesame.org.jo/about-us/members-sesame |archive-date=1 February 2020 }}</ref>
* [[UNESCO]], observer to CERN Council<ref>{{Cite web|title=UNESCO {{!}} International Relations|url=https://international-relations.web.cern.ch/stakeholder-relations/states/unesco|access-date=2021-11-02|website=international-relations.web.cern.ch}}</ref>
{{clear}}