Editing Cairo Conference (section)

==Outcome==
Militarily, the United States, Great Britain, and the Republic of China resolved to launch a three-pronged attack against the Empire of Japan, with the British forces spearheading amphibious operations in southern Burma, the Chinese Expeditionary Force joining the British Indian troops to invade northern Burma, and ROC National Army and the U.S. Army attacking eastern Burma together from Yunnan. Operational plans were tasked to General Stilwell.<ref name=":7"/> Roosevelt also promised that Operation Tarzan be coupled with a massive amphibious landing offensive. It was decided that the Allies, including the ROC National Army at Langga should be committed to the battlefield first, several months before the ROC National Army departed from Yunnan in the spring of 1944. However, Roosevelt did not issue written assurances of naval operations in the Bay of Bengal.<ref name=":1"/> On the subject of military aid, Roosevelt agreed to increase the number of transport flights over the Hump Route in the Himalayas to supply China and to execute distant bombardments of Japan, hoping that through incentives, China would strengthen its fight against the enemy.<ref name=":4"/> Roosevelt also verbally promised to increase the airlift supply to China to 12,000 tons, and promised that the USAF B-29 Superfortress bombers would bomb Japan from Chinese bases.<ref name=":12"/> Roosevelt further verbally pledged to equip and train 90 army divisions for China,<ref name=":11"/> equipping 30 Chinese divisions immediately and another 60 divisions later.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Westad |first=O. A. |title=Cold War and Revolution: The Origins of the Soviet-American Conflict and the Chinese Civil War |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |year=1993 |isbn=9780231906708 |location=USA |pages=113}}</ref>

Politically, Roosevelt and Churchill supported the territorial claims of the Republic of China, returning Taiwan and Manchuria to the Republic of China, and deciding to allow Korea to become independent "in due course". The Cairo Declaration, however, made no specific mention of the future of the Ryukyu Islands. China believed that the Ryukyu Islands should be returned to China entirely, but the United Kingdom and the United States disagreed. The United States believed that the Ryukyu Islands could be left to Japan after the war if they were completely demilitarised.<ref name=":0"/> It was agreed between China and the United States that [[Lüshun Port|Lushun]] would be used as a public military port for China and the United States after the war, and that [[Port of Dalian|Dalian]] would become a free port. Within the resolution, there was no mention of interference in the Japanese state of governance.<ref name=":8"/> Roosevelt also consulted Chiang on the possibility of the abolition of the Japanese imperial system along with the emperor, Hirohito, but Chiang mentioned that the cause of the war was the Japanese warlords, and that the issue could be left to the Japanese people decide for themselves after the war. The Americans, not wanting the French to return to [[Indochina]], had offered Chiang entire control of [[French Indochina]], but he publicly declined.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indochina, France, and the Viet Minh War, 1945–1954: Records of the U.S. State Department, Part 1: 1945–1949 |url=https://www.gale.com/binaries/content/assets/gale-us-en/primary-sources/archives-unbound/primary-sources_archives-unbound_indochina-france-and-the-viet-minh-war-1945-1954_-records-of-the-u.s.-state-department-part-1_-1945-1949.pdf |access-date=10 November 2018}}</ref> Chiang strongly advocated the independence of Korea and wanted to assist in the independence of Vietnam.<ref name=":6"/> Roosevelt firmly supported Chiang's efforts to end imperialism in East Asia. On the subject of Europe, Churchill was unable to reach an agreement with Roosevelt, since Chiang and Churchill arrived in Cairo almost at the same time.<ref name=":1"/>

=== Cairo Declaration ===
{{Main article|1943 Cairo Declaration}}
On December 1, the United States, Britain, and the Republic of China issued the Cairo Declaration. It was released in a ''Cairo Communiqué'' through [[radio]] on 1 December 1943.<ref name="cairo_communique">{{cite news |date=December 1, 1943 |title=Cairo Communique, December 1, 1943 |publisher=Japan National Diet Library |url=http://www.ndl.go.jp/constitution/e/shiryo/01/002_46shoshi.html}}</ref>

The declaration was drafted by Harry Hopkins, Roosevelt's special secretary, amended by Roosevelt and revised by Churchill before being decided upon.<ref name=":2"/> The Cairo Declaration stated that the purpose of the war was to stop and punish Japanese aggression<ref name=":5"/> and reaffirm China's status as one of the four powers, stating that "the territories occupied by the Empire of Japan from the Republic of China after the September 18 Incident (including the Lushun and Dalian leases), such as [[Manchuria]], [[Taiwan|Formosa]], and the [[Penghu|Pescadores]], shall be restored to the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]]", "Japan will also be expelled from all other territories which she has taken by violence and greed", and that "Japanese public and private industries in China, as well as Japanese merchant ships, should be fully received by the government of the Republic of China".

The Declaration stated that "in due course [[Korea]] shall become free and independent", supporting Korean independence after the war.

The Cairo Declaration demanded for the first time that Japan must "surrender unconditionally" and return to the Japanese home islands.

In the Roosevelt draft, in the sentence "Plan of attack on Japan", it mentions the "attack from China and Southeast Asia" route. Churchill's revised draft deleted this figure. Churchill explained that the landings in the Bay of Bengal would require the mobilisation of landing ships and would hinder the Normandy landings.<ref name=":2"/>