Editing Calutron (section)

=== Iraq ===
After the 1990–91 [[Gulf War]], [[UNSCOM]] determined that Iraq had been pursuing a calutron program to enrich uranium.<ref>{{cite journal |first=William |last=Langewiesche |author-link=Langewiesche  |title=Point of No Return |journal=[[The Atlantic]] |issn=1072-7825 |date=January–February 2006 |page=107 |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2006/01/the-point-of-no-return/304500/ |access-date=4 September 2015 }}</ref> Iraq chose to develop the electromagnetic process over more modern, economic, and efficient methods of enrichment because calutrons were easier to build, with fewer technical challenges, and the components required to build them were not subject to export controls.{{sfn|Albright|Hibbs|1991|pp=17–20}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Iraq/Calutron.html |title=Iraq's calutrons: 1991 - 2001 |last=Gsponer |first=André A. |date=31 July 2001 |website=nuclearweaponarchive.org |publisher=The Nuclear Weapon Archive |access-date=9 March 2022 |quote=}}</ref> At the time the program was discovered, Iraq was estimated to be two or three years away from producing enough material for nuclear weapons. The program was destroyed in the Gulf War.{{sfn|Albright|Hibbs|1991|p=23}} Consequently, the [[Nuclear Suppliers Group]] added the electromagnetic separation equipment to its guidelines for transfers of nuclear-related dual-use equipment, material and technology.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Simpson|first=John|title=NPT stronger after Iraq|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jQwAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA13|date=October 1991|journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists|volume=47|issue=8|pages=12–13|bibcode=1991BuAtS..47h..12S|doi=10.1080/00963402.1991.11460018|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=International Atomic Energy Agency|title=Communications Received from Certain Member States Regarding Guidelines for the Export of Nuclear Material, Equipment Or Technology|url=https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/infcircs/1978/infcirc254r12p1.pdf|volume=INFCIRC 254/rev. 12|access-date=6 September 2015|date=13 November 2013}}</ref>