Editing Cingulate cortex (section)

=== Age-related cognitive impairment ===
The cingulate cortex plays a key role in cognitive aging, particularly in the cingulo-opercular.<ref name="10.1038/s41598-024-83696-7">{{cite journal | vauthors = Saberi M, Rieck JR, Golafshan S, Grady CL, Misic B, Dunkley BT, Khatibi A | title = The brain selectively allocates energy to functional brain networks under cognitive control | journal = Scientific Reports | date = 2024 | volume = 14 | issue = 1 | pages = 32032 | doi = 10.1038/s41598-024-83696-7 | pmid = 39738735 | url = https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-83696-7 | pmc = 11686059 | bibcode = 2024NatSR..1432032S }}</ref> Greater connectivity in the cingulo-opercular network is linked to better episodic memory, attention, and executive function, but declines with age, impacting cognitive performance.<ref name="10.3389/fnagi.2020.00177">{{Cite journal |last1=Hausman |first1=H. K. |title=The role of resting-state network functional connectivity in cognitive aging |journal=Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |volume=12 |pages=177 |year=2020 |doi=10.3389/fnagi.2020.00177 |doi-access=free |pmid=32754160|pmc=7365865 }}</ref><ref name="10.1093/cercor/bhu012">{{Cite journal |last1=Geerligs |first1=L. |last2=Renken |first2=R. J. |last3=Saliasi |first3=E. |last4=Maurits |first4=N. M. |last5=Lorist |first5=M. M. |title=A brain-wide study of age-related changes in functional connectivity |journal=Cerebral Cortex |volume=25 |issue=7 |pages=1987–1999 |year=2014 |doi=10.1093/cercor/bhu012 |pmid=24408955}}</ref> Reduced connectivity in the anterior cingulate cortex within the [[salience network]] correlates with cognitive decline.<ref name="10.1162/jocn_a_00269">{{Cite journal |last1=Onoda |first1=K. |last2=Ishihara |first2=M. |last3=Yamaguchi |first3=S. |title=Decreased functional connectivity by aging is associated with cognitive decline |journal=Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience |volume=24 |issue=11 |pages=2186–2198 |year=2012 |doi=10.1162/jocn_a_00269 |pmid=22784203}}</ref> Age-related decreases in cingulo-opercular connectivity, especially in the left insula, mediate declines in visual processing speed.<ref name="doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.09.014">{{Cite journal |last1=Ruiz-Rizzo |first1=A. L. |title=Decreased cingulo-opercular network functional connectivity mediates the impact of aging on visual processing speed |journal=Neurobiology of Aging |volume=73 |pages=50–60 |year=2019 |doi=10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.09.014 |pmid=30366314|url=https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/27066/1/Decreased%20cingulo-opercular%20network%20functional%20connectivity-Accepted_manuscript.pdf }}</ref> Its predictive value in aging models highlights its potential as a biomarker for cognitive decline.<ref name="10.1038/s41598-024-83696-7">{{cite journal | vauthors = Saberi M, Rieck JR, Golafshan S, Grady CL, Misic B, Dunkley BT, Khatibi A | title = The brain selectively allocates energy to functional brain networks under cognitive control | journal = Scientific Reports | date = 2024 | volume = 14 | issue = 1 | pages = 32032 | doi = 10.1038/s41598-024-83696-7 | pmid = 39738735 | url = https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-83696-7 | pmc = 11686059 | bibcode = 2024NatSR..1432032S }}</ref>