Editing Cloning vector (section)

===Human artificial chromosome===
[[Human artificial chromosome]] may be potentially useful as a gene transfer vectors for gene delivery into human cells, and a tool for expression studies and determining human chromosome function. It can carry very large DNA fragment (there is no upper limit on size for practical purposes), therefore it does not have the problem of limited cloning capacity of other vectors, and it also avoids possible insertional mutagenesis caused by integration into host chromosomes by viral vector.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kim JH, Kononenko A, Erliandri I, Kim TA, Nakano M, Iida Y, Barrett JC, Oshimura M, Masumoto H, Earnshaw WC, Larionov V, Kouprina N | display-authors = 6 | title = Human artificial chromosome (HAC) vector with a conditional centromere for correction of genetic deficiencies in human cells | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 108 | issue = 50 | pages = 20048–20053 | date = December 2011 | pmid = 22123967 | pmc = 3250132 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1114483108 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2011PNAS..10820048K }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kouprina N, Earnshaw WC, Masumoto H, Larionov V | title = A new generation of human artificial chromosomes for functional genomics and gene therapy | journal = Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences | volume = 70 | issue = 7 | pages = 1135–1148 | date = April 2013 | pmid = 22907415 | pmc = 3522797 | doi = 10.1007/s00018-012-1113-3 }}</ref>