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Cognitive model
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====Cognitive development==== A classic developmental error has been investigated in the context of dynamical systems:<ref>Spencer, J. P., Smith, L. B., & Thelen, E. (2001). Tests of dynamical systems account of the A-not-B error: The influence of prior experience on the spatial memory abilities of two-year-olds. Child Development, 72(5), 1327-1346.</ref><ref name="Thelen">Thelen E., Schoner, G., Scheier, C., Smith, L. B. (2001). [https://static.cambridge.org/resource/id/urn:cambridge.org:id:binary:20170214114618504-0222:S0140525X01223917:S0140525X01003910a.pdf The dynamics of embodiment: A field theory of infant preservative reaching] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701111727/https://static.cambridge.org/resource/id/urn:cambridge.org:id:binary:20170214114618504-0222:S0140525X01223917:S0140525X01003910a.pdf |date=2018-07-01 }}. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24, 1-86.</ref> The [[A-not-B error]] is proposed to be not a distinct error occurring at a specific age (8 to 10 months), but a feature of a dynamic learning process that is also present in older children. Children 2 years old were found to make an error similar to the A-not-B error when searching for toys hidden in a sandbox. After observing the toy being hidden in location A and repeatedly searching for it there, the 2-year-olds were shown a toy hidden in a new location B. When they looked for the toy, they searched in locations that were biased toward location A. This suggests that there is an ongoing representation of the toy's location that changes over time. The child's past behavior influences its model of locations of the sandbox, and so an account of behavior and learning must take into account how the system of the sandbox and the child's past actions is changing over time.<ref name="Thelen" />
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