Editing Computer science (section)

===Applied computer science===

====Computer graphics and visualization====
{{main|Computer graphics (computer science)}}
Computer graphics is the study of digital visual contents and involves the synthesis and manipulation of image data. The study is connected to many other fields in computer science, including [[computer vision]], [[image processing]], and [[computational geometry]], and is heavily applied in the fields of special effects and [[video game]]s.
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| [[2D computer graphics]]
| [[Computer animation]]
| [[Rendering (computer graphics)|Rendering]]
| [[Mixed reality]]
| [[Virtual reality]]
| [[Solid modeling]]
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====Image and sound processing====
{{main|Data processing}}
[[Information]] can take the form of images, sound, video or other multimedia. [[Bit]]s of information can be streamed via [[signal]]s. Its [[Data processing|processing]] is the central notion of informatics, the European view on computing, which studies information processing algorithms independently of the type of information carrier – whether it is electrical, mechanical or biological. This field plays important role in [[information theory]], [[telecommunications]], [[information engineering]] and has applications in [[medical image computing]] and [[speech synthesis]], among others. ''What is the lower bound on the complexity of [[fast Fourier transform]] algorithms?'' is one of the [[List of unsolved problems in computer science|unsolved problems in theoretical computer science]].
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| [[Fast Fourier transform|FFT algorithms]]
| [[Image processing]]
| [[Speech recognition]]
| [[Data compression]]
| [[Medical image computing]]
| [[Speech synthesis]]
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====Computational science, finance and engineering====
{{main|Computational science|Computational finance|Computational engineering|Computational biology}}
{{See also|List of computer-aided engineering software}}

[[Scientific computing]] (or computational science) is the field of study concerned with constructing [[scientific modelling|mathematical models]] and [[numerical analysis|quantitative analysis]] techniques and using computers to analyze and solve [[scientific]] problems. A major usage of scientific computing is [[simulation]] of various processes, including computational [[fluid dynamics]], physical, electrical, and electronic systems and circuits, societies and social situations (notably war games) along with their habitats, and interactions among biological cells. Modern computers enable optimization of such designs as complete aircraft. Notable in electrical and electronic circuit design are SPICE,<ref>Muhammad H. Rashid, (2016). ''SPICE for Power Electronics and Electric Power''. CRC Press. p. 6. {{ISBN|978-1-4398-6047-2}}.</ref> as well as software for physical realization of new (or modified) designs. The latter includes essential design software for [[integrated circuit]]s.<ref>{{Cite news|title=What is an integrated circuit (IC)? A vital component of modern electronics|url=https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/integrated-circuit-IC|access-date=2021-11-15|website=WhatIs.com|language=en|archive-date=November 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115153823/https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/integrated-circuit-IC|url-status=live}}</ref>

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| [[Numerical analysis]]
| [[Computational physics]]
| [[Computational chemistry]]
| [[Bioinformatics]]
| [[Neuroinformatics]]
| [[Psychoinformatics]]
| [[Medical informatics]]
| [[Computational engineering]]
| [[Computational musicology]]
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====Human–computer interaction====
{{main|Human–computer interaction}}

Human–computer interaction (HCI) is the field of study and research concerned with the design and use of [[Computer|computer systems]], mainly based on the analysis of the interaction between [[Human|humans]] and [[Interface (computing)|computer interfaces]]. HCI has several [[Human–computer interaction#Current research|subfields]] that focus on the relationship between [[Emotion|emotions]], [[social behavior]] and [[Electroencephalography|brain activity]] with [[Computer|computers]].
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|[[Affective computing]]
|[[Brain–computer interface]]
|[[Human-centered design]]
|[[Physical computing]]
|[[Social computing]]
|}

====Software engineering====
{{main|Software engineering}}
{{see also|Computer programming}}
Software engineering is the study of designing, implementing, and modifying the software in order to ensure it is of high quality, affordable, maintainable, and fast to build. It is a systematic approach to software design, involving the application of engineering practices to software. Software engineering deals with the organizing and analyzing of software—it does not just deal with the creation or manufacture of new software, but its internal arrangement and maintenance. For example [[software testing]], [[systems engineering]], [[technical debt]] and [[software development process]]es.

====Artificial intelligence====
{{main|Artificial intelligence|Bio-inspired computing}}

Artificial intelligence (AI) aims to or is required to synthesize goal-orientated processes such as problem-solving, decision-making, environmental adaptation, learning, and communication found in humans and animals. From its origins in [[cybernetics]] and in the [[History of artificial intelligence|Dartmouth Conference]] (1956), artificial intelligence research has been necessarily cross-disciplinary, drawing on areas of expertise such as [[applied mathematics]], symbolic logic, [[semiotics]], [[electrical engineering]], [[philosophy of mind]], [[neurophysiology]], and [[social intelligence]]. AI is associated in the popular mind with [[Robotics|robotic development]], but the main field of practical application has been as an embedded component in areas of [[software development]], which require computational understanding. The starting point in the late 1940s was Alan Turing's question "[[Computing Machinery and Intelligence|Can computers think?]]", and the question remains effectively unanswered, although the [[Turing test]] is still used to assess computer output on the scale of human intelligence. But the automation of evaluative and predictive tasks has been increasingly successful as a substitute for human monitoring and intervention in domains of computer application involving complex real-world data.

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| [[Computational learning theory]]
| [[Computer vision]]
| [[Artificial neural network|Neural networks]]
| [[Planning and scheduling]]
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| [[Natural language processing]]
| [[Algorithmic game theory|Computational game theory]]
| [[Evolutionary computation]]
| [[Autonomic computing]]
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| [[Knowledge representation and reasoning|Representation and reasoning]]
| [[Pattern recognition]]
| [[Robotics]]
| [[Swarm intelligence]]
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