Editing Conversation analysis (section)

==Jeffersonian transcription==
[[Gail Jefferson]] developed a system of transcription while working with [[Harvey Sacks]]. In this system, speakers are introduced with a name followed by a colon, as conventionally used in scripts. It is designed to use typographical and orthographical conventions used elsewhere, rather than a strict phonetic system such as the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]]. The transcription conventions take into account overlapping speech, delays between speech, pitch, volume and speed based on research showing that these features matter for the conversation in terms of action, turn-taking and more.<ref name="jefferson2004transcript" /> Transcripts are typically written in a [[monospaced font]] to ease the alignment of overlap symbols.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Partial table of annotations added in Jeffersonian Transcription
!Feature!!Symbol Used!!Example
|-
|Very quietly spoken||°°...°°||
 Matt: Shoes °°I love shoes°°_
|-
|Quietly spoken||°...°||
 Sue: Have you had any °symptoms°,?
|-
|Loudly spoken||Capital letters||
 Sara: Why can't you JUST STOP?
|-
|Falling pitch||.||
 Fred: That's a good idea.
|-
|Unchanging (level) pitch||_||
 Matt: That's a good idea_
|-
|Slightly rising pitch||,||
 Matt: We like to shop, and to eat fish,
|-
|Intermediately rising pitch||,?||
 Alex: We're buying shoes,?
|-
|Rising pitch||?||
 Bill: Should we open the door?
|-
|Stressed syllables||<u>Underlined letters</u>||
 Dave: <u>That</u> is a good idea.
|-
|Absence of normal pauses||=||
 Lucy:    Perhaps we should leave=
 William: =I don't think that's a good idea_
|-
|Noticeable pauses||(.)||
 Lucy: James (.) we need to talk.
|-
|Pauses of a specific duration||(Duration)||
 Lucy: James (1.0) we need to talk.
|-
|Rushed speech||><||
 Alex: What are you doing?
 Jack: >I need to buy the shoes<
|-
|Slowed speech||<>||
 Fred: <That's a good idea,> I think 
|-
|Overlapping speech||[...]||
 Dave: Perhaps we should [leave.]
 Tom:                    [Go inside,?]
|-
|Prolonged sounds (non-phonemic)||:||
 Dave: O:h wo::w.
|-
|[[Creaky voice]]||*...*||
 Lucy:  Do you want to talk?
 James: *No* (.) Sorry.
|}
There are various transcription systems based on the jeffersonian conventions with slight differences. Galina Bolden has designed a system for transcribing [[Russian language|Russian]] conversations<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bolden |first1=Galina B. |title=Reopening Russian Conversations: The Discourse Particle -to and the Negotiation of Interpersonal Accountability in Closings: Reopening Russian Conversations |journal=Human Communication Research |date=2008 |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=99–136 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-2958.2007.00315.x}}</ref> while Samtalegrammatik.dk uses their own system for [[Danish language|Danish]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Transcription conventions |author=Samtalegrammatik.dk |url=https://samtalegrammatik.dk/en/about-samtalegrammatikdk/transcription-conventions |website=Samtalegrammatik.dk |access-date=25 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref> GAT2 (''Gesprächsanalytisches Transskriptionssystem 2'') was also designed originally for [[German language|German]] and to systematize the way some of the prosodic features are handled.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Selting |first1=Margret |last2=Auer |first2=Peter |last3=Barth-Weingarten |first3=Dagmar |last4=Bergmann |first4=Jörg |last5=Bergmann |first5=Pia |last6=Birkner |first6=Karin |last7=Couper-Kuhlen |first7=Elizabeth |last8=Deppermann |first8=Arnulf |last9=Gilles |first9=Peter |last10=Günthner |first10=Susanne |last11=Hartung |first11=Martin |last12=Kern |first12=Friederike |last13=Mertzlufft |first13=Christine |last14=Meyer |first14=Christian |last15=Morek |first15=Miriam |last16=Oberzaucher |first16=Frank |last17=Peters |first17=Jörg |last18=Quasthoff |first18=Uta |last19=Schütte |first19=Wilfried |last20=Stukenbrock |first20=Anja |last21=Uhmann |first21=Susanne |title=A system for transcribing talk-in-interaction: GAT 2 |journal=Gesprächsforschung |date=2011 |volume=12 |pages=1–51 |url=http://www.gespraechsforschung-ozs.de/heft2011/px-gat2-englisch.pdf |access-date=25 November 2021 |issn=1617-1837}}</ref> The [[TalkBank]] also has its own system designed for use with its [[CLAN program|CLAN (CHILDES Language Analyzer)]] software.<ref>{{cite web |title=CA Characters |url=https://ca.talkbank.org/codes.html |website=ca.talkbank.org |publisher=TalkBank |access-date=24 December 2021}}</ref>