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Corythosaurus
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==Paleoecology== [[File:Corythosaurus fossil.jpg|thumb|Skeleton from [[Dinosaur Provincial Park]]]] Fossils have been found in the upper [[Oldman Formation]] and lower [[Dinosaur Park Formation]] of [[Canada]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bramble|first1=Katherine|last2=Currie|first2=Philip J.|last3=Tanke|first3=Darren H.|last4=Torices|first4=Angelica|date=August 2017|title=Reuniting the "head hunted" Corythosaurus excavatus (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae) holotype skull with its dentary and postcranium|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.04.006|journal=Cretaceous Research|volume=76|pages=7β18|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2017.04.006|bibcode=2017CrRes..76....7B |issn=0195-6671|url-access=subscription}}</ref> The Oldman Formation dates to the [[Campanian]], about 77.5 to 76.5 million years ago,<ref name="ABS09"/> and the Dinosaur Park Formation dates from 76.6 to 74.8 million years ago.<ref name="ABS09"/><ref name="currie2005date"/> ''Corythosaurus'' lived from ~77β75.7 million years ago. In the Dinosaur Park Formation, ''C. casuarius'' lived from 76.6 to 75.9 mya, with ''C. intermedius'' living from 75.8 to 75.7 mya. In the Oldman Formation, ''C. casuarius'', the only species of ''Corythosaurus'' from the deposits, lived about 77 to 76.5 mya.<ref name="ABS09"/> The holotype specimen was clearly a carcass that had floated up on a beach, as ''[[Unio (genus)|Unio]]'' shells, water-worn bones, and a [[Baenidae|baenid]] turtle were preserved all around it.<ref name="brown1916p709"/> ''Corythosaurus'' probably lived in a woodland forest and might have occasionally wandered into swampy areas.<ref name="benson2012"/> [[File:Oldman formation herbivores.jpg|thumb|left|Herbivores of the Oldman Formation, ''Corythosaurus'' in the background]] A limited fauna is known from the upper section of the Oldman Formation and ''Corythosaurus casuarius'', as well as ''C. intermedius'', are among the taxa. Also from the section of the formation are the theropods ''[[Daspletosaurus]]'' and ''[[Saurornitholestes]]'', the hadrosaurids ''[[Brachylophosaurus]]'', ''[[Gryposaurus]]'', and ''[[Parasaurolophus]]'', the ankylosaurid ''[[Scolosaurus]]'', and the ceratopsians ''[[Coronosaurus]]'' and ''[[Chasmosaurus]]''. Other genera are known, but do not persist from the upper section of the formation, therefore not being contemporaries of ''Corythosaurus''.<ref name="ABS09"/> ''Corythosaurus casuarius'' is widespread throughout the lower unit of the Dinosaur Park Formation.<ref name=mallonetal2012>{{cite journal|last1=Mallon|first1=Jordan C.|last2=Evans|first2=David C.|last3=Ryan|first3=Michael J.|last4=Anderson|first4=Jason S. |year=2012 |title=Megaherbivorous dinosaur turnover in the Dinosaur Park Formation (upper Campanian) of Alberta, Canada |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=350β352 |pages=124β138 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.06.024|bibcode=2012PPP...350..124M}}</ref> In it, ''Corythosaurus'' was found to be closely associated with the ceratopsid ''[[Centrosaurus apertus]]''. Their associating was found in the Dinosaur Park, [[Judith River Formation|Judith River]], and [[Mesaverde Formation|Mesaverde]] formations, as well as the [[Wind River Basin]] and the [[Wheatland County, Alberta|Wheatland County]] area.<ref name="province-endem-311"/> ''Corythosaurus'' lived alongside numerous other giant herbivores, such as the hadrosaurids ''Gryposaurus'' and ''Parasaurolophus'', the ceratopsids ''Centrosaurus'' and ''Chasmosaurus'', and the ankylosaurids ''Scolosaurus'', ''[[Edmontonia]]'',<ref name="ABS09"/> and ''[[Dyoplosaurus]]''<ref name="ABS09"/> in the earliest stages of the formation, ''[[Dyoplosaurus]]'', ''[[Panoplosaurus]]'',<ref name="ABS09"/> and ''[[Euoplocephalus]]'' in the middle age, and ''Euoplocephalus'' alone in later stages of the formation. Studies of the jaw anatomy and mechanics of these dinosaurs suggests they probably all occupied slightly different ecological niches in order to avoid direct competition for food in such a crowded eco-space.<ref name=mallonetal2012/> The only large predators known from the same levels of the formation as ''Corythosaurus'' are the tyrannosaurids ''[[Gorgosaurus libratus]]'' and an unnamed species of ''[[Daspletosaurus]]''.<ref name=ABS09/> Thomas M. Lehman has observed that ''Corythosaurus'' hasn't been discovered outside of southern [[Alberta]], even though it is one of the most abundant [[Judithian]] dinosaurs in the region.<ref name="province-endem-311" /> Large herbivores like the hadrosaurs living in North America during the Late Cretaceous had "remarkably small geographic ranges" despite their large body size and high mobility.<ref name="province-endem-311" /> This restricted distribution strongly contrasts with modern [[mammalian]] faunas whose large herbivores' ranges "typical[ly] ... span much of a continent."<ref name="province-endem-311" />
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