Editing Cuckoo (section)

==Phylogeny and evolution==
The [[family (biology)|family]] Cuculidae was introduced by English zoologist [[William Elford Leach]] in a guide to the contents of the [[British Museum]] published in 1819.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Leach | first=William Elford | author-link=William Elford Leach  | year=1819 | chapter=Eleventh Room | title=Synopsis of the Contents of the British Museum | location=London | publisher=British Museum | edition=15th | pages=63–68 [68] | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YSlhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA68 }} Although the name of the author is not specified in the document, Leach was the Keeper of Zoology at the time.</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Bock | first=Walter J. | author-link=Walter Joseph Bock | year=1994 | title=History and Nomenclature of Avian Family-Group Names | series=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History | volume= 222 | publisher=American Museum of Natural History | location=New York | pages=141, 245 | hdl=2246/830 | url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/830 }}<!--Linked page allows download of the 48MB pdf--><!-- Bock cites the 17th edition from 1820 but the name was included in the 15th edition published in 1819--></ref>

Very little fossil record of cuckoos has been found, and their evolutionary history remains unclear. ''[[Dynamopterus]]'' was an Oligocene genus of large cuckoo,<ref>{{cite book | last=Mayr | first=Gerald  | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_TB72RBLLMC&pg=PA113 | title=Paleogene Fossil Birds | page=113 | year=2009 | publisher=Springer Science & Business Media | isbn=9783540896289}}</ref> though it may have been related to cariamas, instead.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Mourer-Chauviré |first= Cécile |title=''Idiornis'' Oberholser, 1899 (Aves, Gruiformes, Cariamae, Idiornithidae): a junior synonym of ''Dynamopterus'' Milne-Edwards, 1892 (Paleogene, Phosphorites du Quercy, France) |journal= Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen | volume=270|issue=1 |year=2013|pages= 13–22 | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279151190|doi= 10.1127/0077-7749/2013/0355 |bibcode= 2013NJGPA.270...13M }}</ref>

A 2014 genome analysis by Erich Jarvis and collaborators found a [[clade]] of birds that contains the orders Cuculiformes (cuckoos), [[Turaco|Musophagiformes]] (turacos), and [[Bustard|Otidiformes]] (bustards). This has been named the Otidimorphae.<ref name=Jarvis2014/> Relationships between the orders is unclear.

The following [[cladogram]] shows the phylogenetic relationships between the genera. It is from a 2005 study by Michael Sorenson and [[Robert B. Payne|Robert Payne]] and is based solely on an analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences.<ref>{{ cite book | last1=Sorenson | first1= M.D. | last2=Payne | first2=R.B. | author2-link=  Robert B. Payne | date=2005 | chapter=A molecular genetic analysis of cuckoo phylogeny | editor-last=Payne | editor-first=R.B. | title=The Cuckoos | location=Oxford | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=0-19-850213-3 | pages=68–94 }}</ref> The number of species in each genus is taken from the list maintained by [[Frank Gill (ornithologist)|Frank Gill]], [[Pamela Rasmussen]] and David Donsker on behalf of the [[International Ornithological Committee]] (IOC).<ref name=ioc/>

{{clade|style=font-size:90%;line-height:90%
|label1=Cuculidae
|1={{clade
  |1={{clade
    |label1=[[Crotophaginae]]
    |1={{clade
      |1=''[[Guira cuckoo|Guira]]'' – guira cuckoo
      |2=''[[Crotophaga]]'' – anis (3 species)
       }}
    |label2=[[Neomorphinae]]
    |2={{clade
      |1={{clade
        |1=''[[Tapera]]'' – striped cuckoo
        |2=''[[Dromococcyx]]'' – cuckoos (2 species)
         }}
      |2={{clade
        |1=''[[Morococcyx]]'' – lesser ground cuckoo
        |2={{clade
          |1=''[[Geococcyx]]'' – roadrunners (2 species)
          |2=''[[Neomorphus]]'' – ground cuckoos (5 species)
           }}
         }}
       }}
     }}
  |2={{clade
    |1={{clade
      |label1=Centropodinae
      |1=''[[Centropus]]'' – coucals (29 species)
      |label2=Couinae
      |2={{clade
        |1=''[[Carpococcyx]]'' – ground cuckoos (3 species)
        |2=''[[Coua]]'' – couas (9 species)
         }}
       }}
    |label2=Cuculinae
    |2={{clade
      |1=''[[Rhinortha]]'' – Raffles's malkoha
      |2={{clade
        |label1=Phaenicophaeini
        |1={{clade
          |1=''[[Ceuthmochares]]'' – malkohas (2 species)
          |2={{clade
            |1={{clade
              |1=''[[Taccocua]]'' – sirkeer malkoha
              |2={{clade
                |1=''[[Zanclostomus]]'' – red-billed malkoha
                |2=''[[Phaenicophaeus]]'' – malkohas (6 species)
                 }}
               }}
            |2={{clade
              |1={{clade
                |1=''[[Dasylophus]]'' – malkohas (2 species)
                |2=''[[Rhamphococcyx]]'' – yellow-billed malkoha
                 }}
              |2={{clade
                |1=''[[Clamator]]'' – cuckoos (4 species)
                |2={{clade
                  |1=''[[Coccycua]]'' – cuckoos (3 species)
                  |2={{clade
                    |1=''[[Piaya]]'' – cuckoos (2 species)
                    |2=''[[Coccyzus]]'' – cuckoos (13 species)
                     }}
                   }}
                 }}
               }}
             }}
           }}
        |label2=Cuculini
        |2={{clade
          |1={{clade
            |1=''[[Pachycoccyx]]'' – thick-billed cuckoo
            |2={{clade
              |1=''[[Microdynamis]]'' – dwarf koel
              |2=''[[Eudynamys]]'' – koels (3 species)
               }}
             }}
          |2={{clade
            |1={{clade
              |1=''[[Scythrops]]'' – channel-billed cuckoo
              |2=''[[Urodynamis]]'' – Pacific long-tailed cuckoo
               }}
            |2={{clade
              |1=''[[Chrysococcyx]]'' – cuckoos (13 species)
              |2={{clade
                |1=''[[Cacomantis]]'' – cuckoos (10 species)
                |2={{clade
                  |1={{clade
                    |1=''[[Surniculus]]'' – drongo-cuckoos (4 species)
                    |2=''[[Cercococcyx]]'' – long-tailed cuckoos (4 species)
                     }}
                  |2={{clade
                    |1=''[[Hierococcyx]]'' – hawk-cuckoos (8 species)
                    |2=''[[Cuculus]]'' – typical cuckoos (11 species)
                     }}
                   }}
                 }}
               }}
             }}
           }}
         }}
       }}
     }}
   }}
 }}