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==The most interviewed Book of Mormon witness== [[File:David Whitmer Older.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.5|Photo of David Whitmer, {{c.|1880s}}]] Because Cowdery died in 1850 at age 43 and Martin Harris died in 1875 at age 92, Whitmer was the only survivor of the Three Witnesses for 13 years. At Richmond, Missouri, he sometimes received several inquirers daily asking about his connection to the [[Book of Mormon]], including [[Mormon missionaries|missionaries]] of the LDS Church who were traveling from [[Utah Territory]] to the eastern United States and Europe. Despite his hostility toward the LDS Church, Whitmer always stood by his claim that he had actually seen the golden plates.<ref>The earliest known signed testimony of Whitmer was recorded in a letter to [[Mark H. Forscutt]] of March 2, 1875: "Dear Sir: My testimony to the world is written concerning the Book of Mormon. And it is the same that I gave at first, and it is the same as shall stand to my latest hour in life, linger with me in death and shine as gospel truth beyond the limits of life, among the tribunals of heaven. And the nations of the earth will have known to[o] late the divine truth written on the pages of that book is the only sorrow of this servant of the Almighty Father." (Davis, 1981, p. 75)</ref> Some of the 71 recorded interviews he gave between 1838 and 1888 contained different details than others.<ref>Lyndon W. Cook ed., ''David Whitmer Interviews'', Grandin Book, 1991, p. xxvi.</ref> Recounting the vision to [[Orson Pratt]] in 1878, Whitmer claimed to have seen not only the golden plates but the "Brass Plates, the plates containing the record of the wickedness of the people of the world{{nbsp}}[...] the sword of Laban, the Directors (i.e. the ball which Lehi had) and the Interpreters. I saw them just as plain as I see this bed".<ref>David Whitmer interview with [[Orson Pratt]], September 1878, in ''EMD'', '''5''': 43.</ref> In 1880, John Murphy interviewed Whitmer and later published an account suggesting that perhaps Whitmer's experience was a "delusion or perhaps a cunning scheme". Murphy's account said that Whitmer had not been able to describe the appearance of an angel and had likened Whitmer's experience to the "impressions as the quaker [receives] when the spirit moves, or as a good Methodist in giving a happy experience."<ref>''Hamilton Newspaper'', January 21, 1881; ''Kingston (Missouri) Times'', December 16, 1887; "David Whitmer Interview with John Murphy, June 1880," Dan Vogel, ed., ''Early Morning Documents'' Signature Books, 2003, vol. 5, p. 63.</ref> Whitmer responded by publishing "[[s:A Proclamation by David Whitmer|A Proclamation]]", reaffirming his testimony and saying: {{blockquote|It having been represented by one John Murphy, of Polo, Caldwell County, Mo., that I, in a conversation with him last summer, denied my testimony as one of the three witnesses to the BOOK OF MORMON. To the end, therefore, that he may understand me now, if he did not then; and that the world may know the truth, I wish now, standing as it were, in the very sunset of life, and in the fear of God, once for all to make this public statement: That I have never at any time denied that testimony or any part thereof, which has so long since been published with that Book, as one of the three witnesses. Those who know me best, well know that I have always adhered to that testimony. And that no man may be misled or doubt my present views in regard to the same, I do again affirm the truth of all of my statements, as then made and published. He that hath an ear to hear, let him hear; it was no delusion!<ref>''Richmond (Missouri) Conservator'', March 24, 1881; ''Hamiltonian (Missouri) Newspaper'', April 8, 1881; ''[[Saints' Herald]]'', June 1, 1881, vol. 28, p. 168; David Whitmer, ''An Address to All Believers in Christ'', Richmond, 1887, pp. 8-10; LDS Church Archives; Ebbie Richardson, "David Whitmer," M.A. Thesis, BYU, 1952, pp. 178β80; "David Whitmer: The Independent Missouri Businessman," ''[[Improvement Era]]'', vol. 72, April 1969, p. 79; Lyndon W. Cook, pp. 79β80; Dan Vogel, ed., ''Early Morning Documents'' Signature Books, 2003, '''5''':68β71.</ref>}} To the "Proclamation" Whitmer attached an affidavit attesting to his honesty and standing in the community.<ref name="early-mormon-documents5">{{cite book |editor1-last=Vogel |editor1-first=Dan |editor1-link=Dan Vogel |title=Early Mormon Documents |date=2003 |publisher=[[Signature Books]] |page=63|volume=5 |url=http://signaturebooks.com/2010/12/excerpt-early-mormon-documents-vol-5/ |access-date=February 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120713184924/http://signaturebooks.com/2010/12/excerpt-early-mormon-documents-vol-5/ |archive-date=July 13, 2012 |quote=Excerpt}}</ref> Whitmer ordered that his testimony to the Book of Mormon be placed on his tombstone. In response to a question by Anthony Metcalf, Whitmer attempted to clarify the "spiritual" versus "natural" viewing of the plates: {{blockquote|In regards to my testimony to the visitation of the angel, who declared to us Three Witnesses that the Book of Mormon is true, I have this to say: Of course we were in the spirit when we had the view, for no man can behold the face of an angel, except in a spiritual view, but we were in the body also, and everything was as natural to us, as it is at any time. Martin Harris, you say, called it 'being in vision.' We read in the Scriptures, Cornelius saw, in a vision, an angel of God. Daniel saw an angel in a vision, also in other places it states they saw an angel in the spirit. A bright light enveloped us where we were, that filled at noon day, and there in a vision, or in the spirit, we saw and heard just as it is stated in my testimony in the Book of Mormon. I am now passed eighty-two years old, and I have a brother, J. J. Snyder, to do my writing for me, at my dictation. [Signed] David Whitmer.<ref>Letter of David Whitmer to Anthony Metcalf, March 1887, cit. Anthony Metcalf, ''Ten Years Before the Mast'' (Malad, Idaho, 1888) p. 74; cited in Richard Lloyd Anderson, ''Investigating the Book of Mormon Witnesses'' (Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book, 1981) p. 86. {{ISBN|0877478465}}.</ref>}} ===Interviews of David Whitmer=== The following table shows which interviews were cited in the following publications: *Kenneth W. Godfrey, "David Whitmer and the Shaping of Latter-day Saint History," in ''The Disciple As Witness: Essays on Latter-Day Saint History and Doctrine in Honor of Richard Lloyd Anderson,'' edited by Richard Lloyd Anderson, Stephen D. Ricks, Donald W. Parry, and Andrew H. Hedges, Provo: FARMS, 2000, pp. 223β56. *Lyndon W. Cook, ''David Whitmer Interviews'', Grandin Book, 1991. *Dan Vogel, ''Early Mormon Documents'', Vol. V, Signature Books, 2003. *John W. Welch and Erick B. Carlson eds., ''Opening the Heavens, Accounts of Divine Manifestations 1820β1844'', Deseret Book, 2005. Twenty-one interviews were cited, the "x-#" refers to the document number in this volume only. *Richard Lloyd Anderson, ''Investigating the Book of Mormon Witnesses'', Deseret Book, 1981. {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Interviewer !! Interview date !! Name of publication !! Publication date !! Godfrey !! Cook !! Vogel !! Welch !! Anderson |- | [[Eber D. Howe]] | 1834 | ''[[Mormonism Unvailed]]'' | 1834 | | | x | | |- | Lumon Andros Shurtliff | August 21, 1836 | ''Autobriography'', LDS Church Archives | 1852β1876 | | | x | | |- | [[Thomas B. Marsh]] | 1838 | ''[[Deseret News]]'' | March 24, 1858 | x | | x | | |- | David H. Cannon | 1861 | Beatrice Cannon Evans and Janath Russell Cannon, eds. ''Cannon Family Historical Treasury'', 250. | 1967 | | | x | | |- | David H. Cannon | 1861 | A. Karl Larson and Katherine Miles Larson, eds., ''Diary of Charles Lowell Walker'', 1773—74, (June 11, 1894). | 1980 | x | x | x | | |- | Davis H. Bays | September 13, 1869 | ''[[Saints' Herald]]'' | November 1, 1869 | x | | x | | |- | Henry Moon | January 9, 1872 | ''[[Deseret Evening News]]'' | April 10, 1872 | x | | x | | x |- | Eri B. Mullin | 1874 | ''[[Saints' Herald]]'' 27, 76 | March 1, 1880 | x | | x | x-83 | |- | James Caffall | August 1874 | ''[[Saints' Herald]]'' | September 15, 1874 | x | | x | | |- | [[Mark H. Forscutt]] | March 2, 1875 | Scrapbook, 16β17, reproduced in Inez Smith Davis ''The Story of the Church''. Independence, Missouri: Herald House, 75 | 1964 | | | x | | |- | ''[[Chicago Times]]'' reporter | August 1875 | ''[[s:Chicago Times, August 7, 1875|Chicago Times]]'' | August 7, 1875 | x | | x | | x |- | Dr. James N. Seymour | December 8, 1875 | ''[[Saints' Herald]]'' 26, 223 (Letter from Whitmer) | 1879 | | x | x | | x |- | Thomas Wood Smith | January 1876 | ''Fall River Herald'' (Massachusetts) | March 28, 1879 | | | x | x-80 | |- | Thomas Wood Smith | January 1876 | ''[[Saints' Herald]]'' 27, 13 | January 1, 1880 | x | | x | x-82 | |- | [[Edward Stevenson]] | 22—December 23, 1877 | Diary of Edward Stevenson, LDS Church Archives | | x | | x | | x |- | Edward Stevenson | 22—December 23, 1877 | Journal History, LDS Church Archives | | x | | x | | |- | Edward Stevenson | 22—December 23, 1877 | ''Salt Lake Herald'' | February 2, 1878 | x | | x | | |- | Edward Stevenson | 22—December 23, 1877 | ''Reminiscences of Joseph, the Prophet and the Coming Forth of the Book of Mormon'' | 1893 | | | x | | |- | [[Joseph Smith III]] | February 2, 1878 | Community of Christ Library Archives (letter) | | | x | x | | |- | P. Wilhelm Poulson | August 13, 1878 | ''Deseret Evening News'' | August 16, 1878 | x | | x | x-79 | x |- | [[Orson Pratt]], [[Joseph F. Smith]] | 7—September 8, 1878 | Joseph F. Smith Diary, LDS Church Archives | | x | | | | x |- | Orson Pratt, Joseph F. Smith | 7—September 8, 1878 | ''Deseret News'' | November 16, 1878 | x | | | | |- | Orson Pratt, Joseph F. Smith | 7—September 8, 1878 | Orson Pratt correspondence, LDS Church Archives | | x | x | x | | |- | Orson Pratt, Joseph F. Smith | 7—September 8, 1878 | [[Andrew Jenson]], ''Historical Record'' 6, 1886, 210. | 1886 | | | | x-78 | |- | Orson Pratt, Joseph F. Smith | 7—September 8, 1878 | Joseph F. Smith Collection, LDS Church Archives | | x | | | | |- | Orson Pratt, Joseph F. Smith | 7—September 8, 1878 | Brian H. Stuy. ''Collected Discourses'', Burbank: B.H.S. Pub. vol 2 | 1987β92 | | | x | | |- | [[William E. McLellin]] | June 1879 | William E. McLellin Collection, New York Public Library. (Letter to James T. Cobb) | August 14, 1880 | | x | x | | |- | J. L. Traughber Jr. | October 1879 | ''Saints' Herald'' 26, 341 | November 15, 1879 | x | | | x-81 | |- | J. L. Traughber | October 1879 | T. A. Schroeder Papers, New York Public Library. (Letter to Theodore A. Schroeder) | August 21, 1901 | | | | | |- | [[Heman C. Smith]] | December 5, 1876 | Community of Christ Library Archives (Letter) | | | x | x | | |- | John Murphy | June 1880 | ''Hamiltonian'' | January 21, 1881 | | | x | | x |- | John Murphy | June 1880 | ''Kingston Times'' | December 16, 1887 | | | x | | |- | E. S. Gilbert | August 1, 1880 | ''New Light on Mormonism'' by Ellen E. Dickson, New York: Funk and Wagnalls. | 1885 | | | x | | |- | David Whitmer | March 19, 1881 | "Proclamation" - Leaflet | March 19, 1881 | | | x | | x |- | David Whitmer | March 19, 1881 | "Proclamation" in ''Richmond Conservator'' | March 24, 1881 | | | x | | '''x''' |- | David Whitmer | March 19, 1881 | "Proclamation" in'' Hamiltonian '' | April 8, 1881 | | | x | | |- | David Whitmer | March 19, 1881 |"Proclamation" in'' Saints' Herald '' | June 1, 1881 | | | x | | |- | David Whitmer | March 19, 1881 | "Proclamation" in "Address to All Believers in Christ" | April 1, 1887 | | | x | | |- | Jesse R. Badham | March 20, 1881 | Diary of Jesse R. Badham, RLDS Church Library—Archives | | x | x | x | | |- | Jesse R. Badham | March 20, 1881 | ''Saints' Herald'' | April 1, 1881 | x | x | x | | |- | ''Kansas City Daily Journal'' reporter | June 1, 1881 | ''[[s:Kansas City Journal, June 5, 1881|Kansas City Daily Journal]]'' | June 5, 1881 | x | | | x-84 | x |- | David Whitmer's corrections to ''Kansas City Daily Journal'' | (June 13, 1881) | ''Kansas City Daily Journal'' | June 19, 1881 | x | | | x-85 | |- | ''Chicago Times'' correspondent | October 14, 1881 | ''[[s:Chicago Times, October 17, 1881|Chicago Times]]'' | October 17, 1881 | x | | | x-86 | x |- | Edwin Gordon Woolley | 1882 | Diary of Edwin Gordon Woolley, BYU Library—Archives | | x | x | x | | |- | Edwin Gordon Woolley | 1882 | E. G. Woolley Biography, BYU Library—Archives | | x | | | | |- | William H. Kelley, G. A. Blakeslee | January 15, 1882 | ''Saints' Herald'' 29, 68 | March 1, 1882 | x | | | x-87 | x |- | Joseph Smith III et al. | April 4, 1882 | ''Saints' Herald'' | May 1, 1882 | x | x | x | | |- | [[John Morgan (Mormon)|John Morgan]], [[Matthias F. Cowley]] | April 13, 1882 | John Morgan Diary, LDS Church Archives | | x | x | x | | |- | John Morgan, Matthias F. Cowley | April 13, 1882 | Arthur M. Richardson and Nicholas G. Morgan.''The Life and Ministry of John Morgan''. 323 | 1965 | x | x | x | | |- | John Morgan, Matthias F. Cowley | April 13, 1882 | Diary of Matthias F. Cowley, LDS Church Archives | | x | x | x | | |- | J. W. Chatburn | No date | ''Saints' Herald'' | June 15, 1882 | x | | | | |- | S. T. Mouch | November 18, 1882 | Whitmer Papers, Community of Christ Library Archives (Letter from Whitmer). | | | x | x | | |- | [[Moroni Pratt]], [[S. R. Marks]], et al. | June 30, 1883 | ''Bear Lake Democrat'' | July 3 & 14, 1883 | x | x | x | | |- | Moroni Pratt, S. R. Marks, et al. | June 30, 1883 | ''Deseret News'' | July 19 & 21, 1883 | x | x | x | | |- | James H. Hart | August 21, 1883 | James H. Hart Notebook (see ''Mormon in Motion: The Life and Journals of James H. Hart, 1825—1906'' [Windsor Books, 1976], 216) | | x | | | | |- | James H. Hart | August 23, 1883 | ''Deseret Evening News'' | September 4, 1883 | x | | | | x |- | James H. Hart | August 21, 1883 | ''Bear Lake Democrat'' | September 15, 1883 | x | | | | |- | James H. Hart | August 21, 1883 | ''Contributor'' 5, 9β10 | October 1883 | x | | x | | |- | James H. Hart | August 21, 1883 | "An Interview with David Whitmer in August, 1883" (poem) | 1883 | | | x | | |- | [[George Q. Cannon]] | February 27, 1884 | George Q. Cannon Journal, LDS Church Archives | | x | | | x-90 | |- | George Q. Cannon | February 27, 1884 | ''[[The Instructor|Instructor]]'' 80, 520 | 1945 | | | | | x |- | James H. Hart | March 10, 1884 | ''Deseret Evening News'' | March 25, 1884 | x | | | x-89 | |- | James H. Hart | March 10, 1884 | ''Deseret Evening News'' | April 10, 1884 | x | | | | |- | James H. Hart | March 10, 1884 | ''Bear Lake Democrat'' | March 28, 1884 | x | | | | |- | [[E. C. Briggs]], Rudolph Etzenhouser | April 25, 1884 | ''Saints' Herald'' 31, 396β97 | June 21, 1884 | x | | | x-88 | |- | J. Frank McDowell | May 8, 1884 | ''Saints' Herald'' | July 22 and August 9, 1884 | x | x | x | | |- | [[Heman C. Smith]], William H. Kelley | June 19, 1884 | ''Saints' Herald ''31, 442 | July 12, 1884 | x | x | x | | x |- | Heman C. Smith, William H. Kelley | June 19, 1884 | Joseph Smith III, Heman C. Smith, and [[F. Henry Edwards]]. ''The History of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints''. Independence, Missouri: Herald House, 4:448β49 | 1968 | | x | x | | |- | Joseph Smith III et al. | mid-July 1884 | ''Saints' Herald'' | January 28, 1936 | x | | | | |- | ''St. Louis Republican'' | mid-July 1884 | ''St. Louis Republican'' | July 16, 1884 | x | | | x-91 | |- | Unknown | July 1884 | "The True Book of Mormon" unknown newspaper clipping in William H. Samson Scrapbook, 18:76β77, Rochester Public Library. | July 1884 | | | x | | |- | [[B. H. Roberts]] | 1884 | ''[[The Contributor (LDS magazine)|Contributor]]'' 9, 169 | March 1888 | | | x | | |- | B. H. Roberts | 1884 | ''[[Millennial Star]]'' 50, 120 | February 20, 1888 | | | x | | |- | B. H. Roberts | 1884 | ''[[General Conference (LDS Church)|Conference Report]]'', 126 | October 1926 | | | x | | |- | Editor | January 9, 1885 | ''Richmond Conservator ''(statement) | January 9, 1885 | | x | x | | |- | [[Zenas H. Gurley]] | January 14, 1885 | Gurley Collection, LDS Church Archives | January 21, 1885 | x | | | x-92 | |- | [[Zenas H. Gurley]] | January 14, 1885 | ''Autumn Leaves'' 5, 452 | 1892 | | | | | x |- | E. C. Brand | February 8, 1885 | ''Kingston Times'' (Missouri) | December 23, 1887 | | | x | | |- | [[Franklin D. Richards (Mormon apostle)|Franklin D. Richards]] and Charles C. Richards | May 25, 1885 | Charles C. Richards, "An Address Delivered by Charles C. Richards at the Sacrament Meeting Held in SLC, UT, Sunday Evening, April 20, 1947," signed. LDS Church Archives. | 1947 | | | x | | |- | James H. Moyle | June 28, 1885 | James H. Moyle Journal, LDS Church Archives | | x | | | | x |- | James H. Moyle | June 28, 1885 | November 24, 1928 reminiscence | | x | | | | |- | James H. Moyle | June 28, 1885 | ''Conference Report'' | April 1930 | x | | | | |- | James H. Moyle | June 28, 1885 | ''Deseret News'' [Church Section] | August 2, 1944 | x | | | | |- | James H. Moyle | June 28, 1885 | ''Instructor'' | 1945 | x | | | | x |- | ''Chicago Tribune'' '''correspondent''' | December 15, 1885 | ''[[s:Chicago Daily Tribune, December 17, 1885|Chicago Tribune]]'' | December 17, 1885 | x | | | x-93 | x |- | Edward Stevenson | February 9, 1886 | Diary of Edward Stevenson, LDS Church Archives | | x | | | | |- | Edward Stevenson | February 9, 1886 | ''Millennial Star'' | March 8, 1886 | x | | | | |- | Edward Stevenson | February 9, 1886 | ''Utah Journal'' | March 10, 1886 | x | | | | |- | Nathan Tanner, Jr. | April 13, 1886 | Nathan Tanner, Jr. Journal, LDS Church Archives | | x | | | | x |- | Nathan Tanner, Jr. | April 13, 1886 | Tanner reminiscence, LDS Church Archives | | x | | | | |- | Nathan Tanner, Jr. | May 1886 | Nathan A. Tanner, Jr. to Nathan A. Tanner, LDS Church Archives | February 17, 1909 | | | | x-98 | |- | ''Omaha Herald'' '''correspondent''' | October 10, 1886 | ''Omaha Herald'' | October 17, 1886 | x | | | x-94 | x |- | ''Omaha Herald'' '''correspondent''' | October 10, 1886 | ''Chicago Inter-Ocean '' | October 17, 1886 | | | | x-94 | |- | ''Omaha Herald'' '''correspondent''' | October 10, 1886 | ''Saints' Herald'', 33:706 | November 13, 1886 | | | | x-94 | |- | D. C. Dunbar | October 10, 1886 | Dunbar correspondence, LDS Church Archives | | x | | | | |- | M. J. Hubble | November 13, 1886 | Missouri State Historical Society, Columbia, Missouri | | x | | | x-95 | |- | Edward Stevenson | January 2, 1887 | Diary of Edward Stevenson, LDS Church Archives | | x | | | | |- | Edward Stevenson | January 2, 1887 | ''[[Juvenile Instructor]]'' | February 15, 1887 | x | | | | |- | Edward Stevenson | January 2, 1887 | ''Millennial Star'' | February 14, 1887 | x | | | | |- | David Whitmer | | "An Address to All Believers in Christ: By a Witness to the Divine Authenticity of the Book of Mormon", Richmond, Missouri | 1887 | | | x | x-96 | x |- | Edward Stevenson | January 2, 1887 | ''Juvenile Instructor'' | January 1, 1889 | x | | | | |- | Sister Gates | February 11, 1887 | ''Whitmer Papers'', Community of Christ Library Archives. (Letter from Whitmer) | | | x | x | | |- | Robert Nelson | February 15, 1887 | ''Whitmer Papers'', Community of Christ Library Archives. (Letter from Whitmer) | | | x | x | | |- | Anthony Metcalf | March 1887 | ''Ten Years Before the Mast'', 74 | 1888 Malad, Idaho | | | | | x |- | [[Angus M. Cannon]] | January 7, 1888 | Angus M. Cannon Diary, LDS Church Archives | | x | x | x | | |- | Angus M. Cannon | January 7, 1888 | ''Deseret Evening News'' | February 13, 1888 | x | x | x | | x |- | ''Chicago Tribune'' correspondent | January 23, 1888 | ''Chicago Tribune'' | January 24, 1888 | x | | | | |- | Unidentified Chicago man | [No date] | ''Chicago Times'' | January 26, 1888 | x | x | x | | x |- | ''Richmond Conservator'' report | January 26, 1888 | ''Richmond Conservator'' | January 26, 1888 | x | x | x | | x |- | ''Richmond Democrat'' report | January 1888 | ''Richmond Democrat ''(Borrowed from ''Omaha Herald''. Article written by Joe Johnson) | January 26, 1888 | x | | | | x |- | ''Richmond Democrat'' report | January 1888 | ''Richmond Democrat'' (re-run) | February 2, 1888 | | | | x-97 | x |- | John C. Whitmer | September 1888 | ''Deseret News '' | September 13 & 17, 1888 | | | x | | |- | John C. Whitmer | September 1888 | ''Saints' Herald ''(Reprint of ''Deseret News'') | October 13, 1888 | | | x | | |- | George W. Schweich | 1899 | Woodbridge I. Riley. ''The Founder of Mormonism''. New York: Dodd, Mead and Co., 1903, 219β20. (Letter from George W. Schweich to I. Woodbridge) | September 22, 1899 | | x | x | | |- | Philander Page | January 25, 1888 | ''George Edward Anderson Diary'', Daughters of Utah Pioneers Museum, 27β28. | 1907 | | | x | | |- | John J. Snyder | 1886β87 | W. H. Cadman. ''A History of the Church of Jesus Christ, Organized at Green Oak, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., in the Year 1862''. Monongola, Pennsylvania: [[The Church of Jesus Christ (Bickertonite)|The Church of Jesus Christ]], 1945, 24β25. | October 10, 1928 | | | x | | |}
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