Editing Desegregation busing (section)

===Popular opinion===
Support for the practice is influenced by the methodology of the study conducted. In a [[Gallup poll]] taken in 1973, very low percentages of whites (4 percent) and blacks (9 percent) supported busing outside of local neighborhoods, even though majorities were in favour of other desegregation methods such as redrawing school district boundaries and building low-income housing in middle-income areas.<ref name="'70s 252" /> However, a longitudinal study has shown that support for desegregation busing among black respondents has only dropped below 50% once from 1972 to 1976 while support among white respondents has steadily increased.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}} This increased support may be due to the diminished impact of desegregation policies over time.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Woodward |first=Jennifer R. |date=Winter 2011 |title=How Busing Burdened Blacks: Critical Race Theory and Busing for Desegregation in Nashville-Davidson County |journal=The Journal of Negro Education |volume=80 |issue=1 |pages=22–32 |jstor=41341103}}</ref> A 1978 study by the [[RAND Corporation]] set out to find why whites were opposed to busing and concluded that it was because they believed it destroyed neighborhood schools and camaraderie and increased discipline problems.<ref name="'70s 252" /> It is said that busing eroded the community pride and support that neighborhoods had for their local schools.<ref name="'70s 252" /> After busing, 60 percent of Boston parents, both black and white, reported more discipline problems in schools.<ref name="'70s 252" /> Black children were more likely to be bused than whites, and some black parents saw it as discrimination that uprooted their children from their communities.<ref name="'70s 252" /> Politicians and judges who supported busing were seen as hypocrites, as many sent their own children to private school.<ref name="'70s 252" />  In the [[1968 United States presidential election|1968]], [[1972 United States presidential election|1972]], and [[1976 United States presidential election|1976]] presidential elections, candidates opposed to busing were elected each time, and Congress voted repeatedly to end court-mandated busing.<ref name="'70s 265">{{cite book |title=How We Got Here: The '70s |last=Frum |first=David |author-link=David Frum |year=2000 |publisher=Basic Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-465-04195-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/265 265] |url=https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/265}}</ref>

Ultimately, many black leaders, from [[Wisconsin]] State Rep. [[Annette Polly Williams]], a Milwaukee Democrat, to [[Cleveland]] Mayor [[Michael R. White (politician)|Michael R. White]] led efforts to end busing.<ref name="QuickFacts">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20190212133112/http://www.adversity.net/education_2_north_carolina.htm]", ''[[Adversity.net]].'' Retrieved on August 5, 2020.</ref>