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Dog intelligence
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== Problem solving == Dogs learned to activate a robot to deliver them food rewards.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Byrne |first1=Ceara |last2=Logas |first2=Jacob |last3=Freil |first3=Larry |last4=Allen |first4=Courtney |last5=Baltrusaitis |first5=Melissa |last6=Nguyen |first6=Vi |last7=Saad |first7=Christopher |last8=Jackson |first8=Melody Moore |chapter=Dog Driven Robot: Towards Quantifying Problem-Solving Abilities in Dogs |date=2020-01-10 |title=Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction |chapter-url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3371049.3371063 |series=ACI '19 |location=New York, NY, USA |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |pages=1–5 |doi=10.1145/3371049.3371063 |isbn=978-1-4503-7693-8}}</ref> Dogs have been observed to learn to use public transport to arrive at a desired destination. In Moscow out of 500 dogs, 20 learned to commute.<ref name="Financial Times">{{cite web |last=Sternthal |first=Susanne |date=January 16, 2010 |title=Moscow's stray dogs |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/628a8500-ff1c-11de-a677-00144feab49a.html |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216133637/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/628a8500-ff1c-11de-a677-00144feab49a.html |archive-date=December 16, 2011 |access-date=December 16, 2011 |publisher=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010-03-19 |title=Russia: Stray Dogs Master Complex Moscow Subway System - ABC News |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/Technology/stray-dogs-master-complex-moscow-subway-system/story?id=10145833 |accessdate=2015-07-02 |publisher=Abcnews.go.com}}</ref> Eclipse, a black labrador in Seattle, would occasionally ride the bus ahead of its owner when eager to get to the dog park.<ref>{{cite web |author= |date=2015-01-13 |title=Seattle Dog Figures Out Buses, Starts Riding Solo To The Dog Park |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/13/seattle-dog-rides-bus-public-transit-park-black-lab_n_6463364.html |accessdate=2015-07-02 |publisher=Huffingtonpost.com}}</ref> Ratty, a Jack Russell terrier in Yorkshire, England, traveled {{cvt|5|mi}} by bus to be fed at two pubs.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stead |first1=Mark |date=6 April 2010 |title=Ratty, the York bus-travelling dog who made headlines all over world dies |url=http://www.yorkpress.co.uk/news/7985897.Ratty__the_York_bus_travelling_dog_who_made_headlines_all_over_world_dies/ |access-date=9 February 2017 |work=York Press}}</ref> Captive-raised [[dingoes]] (''Canis dingo'') can outperform domestic dogs in non-social problem-solving.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Smith | first1 = B. | last2 = Litchfield | first2 = C. | year = 2010 | title = How well do dingoes (Canis dingo) perform on the detour task | journal = Animal Behaviour | volume = 80 | pages = 155–162 | doi=10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.04.017| s2cid = 53153703 }}</ref> Another study indicated that after undergoing training to solve a simple manipulation task, dogs faced with an unsolvable version of the same problem look at the human, whereas socialized wolves do not.<ref name=miklosi2003/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/why-dogs-are-more-like-humans-than-wolves-22095590/?no-ist|title=Why dogs are more like humans than wolves|publisher=Smithsonian Magazine}}</ref> Modern domestic dogs use humans to solve their problems for them.<ref name=hare2013/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/brilliance-of-dog-mind/|title=The brilliance of the dog mind|publisher=Scientific American}}</ref> Sex-specific dynamics are an important contributor to individual differences in cognitive performance of pet dogs in repeated problem-solving tasks.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Duranton |first1=Charlotte |last2=Rödel |first2=Heiko G. |last3=Bedossa |first3=Thierry |last4=Belkhir |first4=Séverine |year=2015 |title=Inverse sex effects on performance of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) in a repeated problem-solving task |journal=Journal of Comparative Psychology |volume=129 |issue=1 |pages=84–7 |doi=10.1037/a0037825 |pmid=25181448}}</ref>
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