Editing Driving while black (section)

==Variations==

Variations on the phrase ("[[snowclone]]s") include "walking while black" for pedestrian offenses,<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mosedale|first=M.|date=2007|url=http://citypages.com/databank/28/1369/article15168.asp|title=Critics say a Minneapolis law criminalizes walking while black: What Lurks Beneath?|journal=City Pages|volume=28|issue=1369|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007210810/http://www.citypages.com/databank/28/1369/article15168.asp|archive-date=2009-10-07}}</ref> "learning while black" for students in schools,<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Morse|first=J.|date=2002|url=http://www.time.com/time/education/article/0,8599,238611,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020607222103/http://www.time.com/time/education/article/0,8599,238611,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 7, 2002|title=Learning while black|magazine=Time|access-date=May 7, 2007}}</ref> "[[shopping while black]]" for browsing in stores, and "eating while black" for restaurants.<ref>{{cite web|last=Coolican|first=P.|url=http://archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com/cgi-bin/texis.cgi/web/vortex/display?slug=profiling21m&date=20031121&source=st|title=Chief vows to root out profiling by Patrol|work=Seattle Times|date=November 21, 2003|access-date=May 7, 2007|archive-date=May 31, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531082817/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20031121&slug=profiling21m|url-status=dead}}</ref> Actor [[Danny Glover]] held a press conference in 1999 because [[Taxicabs of New York City|cab drivers in New York City]] were not stopping for him; this was called "hailing while black". The phenomenon was investigated further on [[Michael Moore]]'s television series ''[[TV Nation]]''.

In 2001, the [[American Civil Liberties Union]] convinced the [[United States Drug Enforcement Administration]] to repay $7,000 that it had seized from a black businessman in the [[Omaha, Nebraska]] [[Eppley Airfield|airport]] on the false theory that it was drug money; the ACLU called it "flying while black".<ref>{{cite web|title=ACLU of Nebraska Wins "Flying While Black" Case|url=https://www.aclu.org/racial-justice/aclu-nebraska-wins-flying-while-black-case|publisher=ACLU|access-date=10 June 2013|date=May 2, 2001}}</ref>

A pain specialist who treats [[sickle-cell disease]] patients at [[Manhattan]]'s [[Beth Israel Medical Center]] reported that for many years doctors forced African American sickle-cell sufferers to endure pain because they assumed that blacks would become addicted to medication; ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine labeled this "ailing while black".<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Cloud|first=J.|date=2001|url=http://www.time.com/time/covers/1101010730/cover.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010725112858/http://www.time.com/time/covers/1101010730/cover.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 25, 2001|title=What's Race Got to do With It?|magazine=Time|access-date=May 17, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Washington|first=J.|date=2000|url=http://www.pacificnews.org/jinn/stories/6.08/000427-customs.html|title=U.S. Customs Applies A Double Standard In Two Directions At Once|publisher=JINN|agency=Pacific News Service|access-date=May 7, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20000816175839/http://www.pacificnews.org/jinn/stories/6.08/000427-customs.html|archive-date=August 16, 2000}}</ref>

In late 2013 the phrase "seeking help while black" or "asking for help while black" was coined in response to the deaths of [[Killing of Jonathan Ferrell|Jonathan Ferrell]] and [[Murder of Renisha McBride|Renisha McBride]]. In separate incidents, Ferrell and McBride, both African-American, were shot and killed after they experienced a motor vehicle accident and went to the nearby home of a white stranger to ask for help.<ref>{{cite news|author=Brittney Cooper |url=http://www.salon.com/2013/11/12/asking_for_help_while_black_how_it_became_a_capital_offense/ |title=Asking for help while black: How it became a capital offense |work=Salon |date=November 12, 2013 |access-date=November 17, 2013}}</ref>

The phrase is also used with other racial, ethnic and cultural (minority) groups. An example is "[[flying while Muslim]]", referring to the scrutiny that Arabs and Muslims face as airline passengers. Variants on "{{angbr|verb}}ing while female" are also encountered, as are phrases like "walking/traveling/etc. while [[Transgender|trans]]".

Following the [[Boston Marathon bombing]], the phrase ''Running while Arab'' has come up on social media<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Ackerman|first=S.|url=https://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2013/04/when-terrorism|title=When, And Why, to Call a Bombing 'Terrorism'|magazine=Wired|date=April 16, 2013|access-date=April 17, 2013}}</ref> (although the bombers in question were not Arab, but [[Chechen people|Chechen]]) in response to the interrogation of a Saudi student who, allegedly, acted suspiciously in the vicinity of the attacks. Said suspicious behavior consisted of running away from the area of the blast, something many other people did at the time. His house was searched, but he would later be cleared by law enforcement officials.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sison|first=B.|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/sources-injured-saudi-man-not-a-suspect-in-boston-attacks/|title=Sources: Injured Saudi man not a suspect in Boston attacks|work=CBS News|date=April 16, 2013|access-date=April 17, 2013}}</ref>

In May 2018, after a black Yale student, napping in her common room, was reported to police without justification by a white Yale student, a ''The Washington Post'' reporter compiled a list of recent, separate incidents in which black people in North America appear to have been racially profiled while performing innocent activities, and proposed coining corresponding terms such as "napping while black", "couponing while black", "waiting for a school bus while black", and "waiting at Starbucks while black".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2018/05/10/a-black-yale-student-fell-asleep-in-her-dorms-common-room-a-white-student-called-police/|title=A black Yale student fell asleep in her dorm's common room. A white student called police.|first=Cleve R. Jr.|last=Wootson|date=May 11, 2018|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref>

In August 2018, 61-year-old Marine veteran Karle Robinson was detained at gunpoint by Kansas police for carrying his television into the house he had bought and was moving into. The ACLU described the incident as "moving while black".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/news/aclu-kansas-black-man-detained/|title=ACLU: Black man detained while moving into own Kansas home |first=Roxana |last=Hegeman |agency= Associated Press |date=March 21, 2019|work=Chicago Sun-Times |access-date=July 18, 2020}}</ref>

In September 2018, an incident in which [[murder of Botham Jean|Botham Jean was shot and killed]] at his home in Dallas, Texas, by an off-duty police officer (later revealed to be Amber Guyger) who claimed she mistook his home for her own, was described as a case of "being at home while black".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/14/us/botham-jean-dallas-shooting-amber-guyger.html|title=A Dallas Police Officer Shot Her Neighbor, and a City Is Full of Questions |work=The New York Times |first1=Manny |last1=Fernandez |first2=Marina Trahan |last2=Martinez |date=September 14, 2018 |access-date= July 18, 2020}}</ref>

In November 2018, security guard [[Shooting of Jemel Roberson|Jemel Roberson was killed by police in Illinois]] while Roberson was restraining a suspected active shooter. An [[American Civil Liberties Union|ACLU]] spokesperson condemned the incident, saying "Working as a security guard while black should not be a death sentence. In this case, police were more dangerous to him than an active shooter who he apparently subdued."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/14/us/chicago-area-security-guard-police-shooting/index.html|title=Chicago-area police chief says he's distraught after his cop killed a 'brave' security guard |first1=Pierre |last1=Meilhan |first2=Darran |last2=Simon |first3=Holly |last3=Yan |website=CNN |date=November 14, 2018 |access-date=February 14, 2019}}</ref>

Also in November 2018, good samaritan [[Shooting of Emantic Fitzgerald Bradford Jr.|Emantic Bradford Jr. was shot three times and killed by Alabama police]] while he was attempting to stop a different active shooter. The tragedy was later described as "helping while black".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Justice/2018/1130/Is-it-safe-for-a-black-man-to-be-the-good-guy-with-a-gun |title=Is it safe for a black man to be the 'good guy with a gun'? |date=November 30, 2018 |access-date=February 6, 2019 |newspaper=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]}}</ref>

In December 2018, a bank teller in Ohio denied service to a black customer, and instead called the police, having wrongly concluded that the customer was attempting to cash a fraudulent check. The incident was later described as "banking while black".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/black-man-ohio-trying-cash-paycheck-handcuffed-after-bank-teller-n949986 |title=Black man trying to cash paycheck is handcuffed after bank teller calls 911 |date=December 19, 2018 |first=Janelle |last=Griffith |website=NBC News}}</ref>

In May 2020, the [[Shooting of Breonna Taylor|killing of Breonna Taylor]] was referred to as "sleeping in the sanctity of her own home while black."<ref>{{cite web|title='Sleeping While Black': Louisville Police Kill Unarmed Black Woman|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/05/13/855705278/sleeping-while-black-louisville-police-kill-unarmed-black-woman|access-date=2020-09-25|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Mystal|first=Elie|date=2020-05-15|title=Breonna Taylor Was Murdered for Sleeping While Black|journal=The Nation|language=en-US|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/society/breonna-taylor-was-murdered-for-sleeping-while-black/|access-date=2020-09-25|issn=0027-8378}}</ref>

In May 2020, ''[[The Nation]]'' coined the analogous phrase "[[birding]] while black" in reference to [[Central Park birdwatching incident|an incident]] involving African-American birdwatcher [[Christian Cooper]] at [[The Ramble and Lake|the Ramble]] in New York City's [[Central Park]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/society/amy-cooper-birding-police/|title=Birding While Black: Just the Latest Bad Reason for White People to Call Police |first=Joan |last=Walsh |date=May 26, 2020 |access-date=June 4, 2020|work=The Nation}}</ref>

===Biking while black===

The phrase '''cycling while black''' or '''biking while black''' refers to reportedly discriminatory treatment experienced by black cyclists at the hands of police officers. Such apparent discrimination has been the subject of media investigations in cities of the US such as Tampa<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/biking-while-black-is-a-crime-6393767|title=Biking While Black Is a Crime|first=Kyle|last=Swenson|date=31 October 2013|website=Miaminewtimes.com|access-date=7 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2015/08/10/431343151/tampa-fla-police-investigated-for-crackdown-on-black-bicyclists|title=Tampa, Fla., Police Investigated For Crackdown On Black Bicyclists|website=Npr.org|access-date=7 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tampabay.com/news/publicsafety/biking-while-black-story-about-tampa-bike-ticket-program-to-be-featured-on/2242258/|title='Biking while black' story about Tampa bike ticket program to be featured on Today Show|website=Tampa Bay Times|access-date=7 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.browardpalmbeach.com/news/biking-while-black-is-a-crime-6352482|title=Biking While Black Is a Crime|first=Kyle|last=Swenson|date=31 October 2013|website=Browardpalmbeach.com|access-date=7 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/riding-bike-while-black-florida-ll-probably-ticket-174744887.html|title=Riding a Bike While Black in Florida? You'll Probably Get a Ticket|website=Yahoo.com|date=18 April 2015 |access-date=7 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://gawker.com/report-tampa-cops-targeting-black-cyclists-1698667438|title=Report: Tampa Cops Targeting Black Cyclists|first=Brendan|last=O'Connor|website=Gawker.com|date=18 April 2015 |access-date=7 October 2017}}</ref> and Chicago,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-chicago-bike-tickets-minorities-0319-20170317-story.html|title='Biking while black': Chicago minority areas see the most bike tickets|first=Mary|last=Wisniewski|website=Chicagotribune.com|date=17 March 2017 |access-date=7 October 2017}}</ref> and the subject of lawsuits elsewhere.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aclu.org/news/aclu-michigan-joins-bicycling-while-black-lawsuit|title=ACLU of Michigan Joins "Bicycling While Black" Lawsuit|website=Aclu.org|access-date=7 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2002/09/biking-while-black/|title=Biking While Black|website=Motherjones.com|access-date=7 October 2017}}</ref>

In August 2020, [[Dijon Kizzee]], a cyclist, was shot and killed in the [[Los Angeles]] neighborhood of [[Westmont, California|Westmont]] on by deputies of the [[Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department]] (LASD). In the days following, protestors gathered outside of the sheriff's station in South Los Angeles. After several days, these demonstrations turned violent, with sheriff's deputies firing projectiles and [[tear gas]] at crowds of demonstrators. Ultimately, 35 people were arrested over four nights of unrest.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Huang|first1=Josie|title=In South LA, March For Dijon Kizzee Turns Chaotic Outside Sheriff's Station|url=https://laist.com/2020/09/06/dijon_kizzee_south_la_los_angeles_sheriffs_department_deputies_march_110.php|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910072159/https://laist.com/2020/09/06/dijon_kizzee_south_la_los_angeles_sheriffs_department_deputies_march_110.php|archive-date=September 10, 2020|access-date=September 10, 2020|publisher=LAist}}</ref><ref name="clashes">{{cite web|last1=Miller|first1=Leila|last2=Tchekmedyian|first2=Alene|date=September 9, 2020|title=Dozens arrested as protesters and deputies clash in Dijon Kizzee demonstrations in L.A.|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-09-09/demonstrators-arrested-dijon-kizzee|access-date=September 9, 2020|work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref>