Editing Enbridge (section)

== Oil spills and violations ==
Enbridge's pipeline was responsible for the [[Line 3 oil spill|largest inland oil spill in the United States]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/04/23/timeline-line-3-enbridge-oil-pipeline|title=Line 3 timeline: From construction to present day battles|last=Nelson|first=Cody|date=April 23, 2018|website=MPRNews}}</ref> in 1991, when {{Convert|1700000|U.S.gal|m3|abbr=on}} of oil ruptured from a buried pipeline in [[Grand Rapids, Minnesota]], spilling crude into a wetland and a tributary of the [[Mississippi River]].<ref name=":0" />

Using data from Enbridge's own reports, the Polaris Institute calculated that 804 spills occurred on Enbridge pipelines between 1999 and 2010. These spills released approximately {{convert|161,475|oilbbl|m3}} of crude oil into the environment.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tarsandswatch.org/files/Updated%20Enbridge%20Profile.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-11-18 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119222821/http://www.tarsandswatch.org/files/Updated%20Enbridge%20Profile.pdf |archive-date=2011-11-19 }}</ref>

On July 4, 2002, an Enbridge pipeline ruptured in a marsh near the town of [[Cohasset, Minnesota]], in Itasca County, spilling {{convert|6000|oilbbl|m3}} of crude oil. In an attempt to keep the oil from contaminating the [[Mississippi River]], the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources set a [[controlled burn]] that lasted for one day and created a smoke plume about {{convert|1|mi|km|adj=on}} high and {{convert|5|mi|km}} long.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ntsb.gov/publictn/2004/PAR0401.pdf|title=National Transportation Safety Board Report Pipeline Accident Report|website=NTSB.gov|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830090455/https://www.ntsb.gov/publictn/2004/PAR0401.pdf |archive-date=August 30, 2009 }}</ref>

In 2006, there were 67 reportable spills totaling {{convert|5663|oilbbl|m3}} on Enbridge's energy and transportation and distribution system; in 2007 there were 65 reportable spills totalling {{convert|13777|oilbbl|m3}}.<ref>[http://www.enbridge.com/csr2008/downloads/print_version.pdf Enbridge Inc. 2008 Corporate Social Responsibility Report] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090530025050/http://www.enbridge.com/csr2008/downloads/print_version.pdf |date=May 30, 2009 }}</ref> On March 18, 2006, approximately {{convert|613|oilbbl|m3}} of crude oil were released when a pump failed at Enbridge's Willmar terminal in Saskatchewan.<ref name="Enbridge Spills and Releases">{{cite web|url=http://www.enbridge.com/csr2007/environmental-performance/spills-and-releases/ |title=Spills and Releases |publisher=Enbridge |year=2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090903125046/http://www.enbridge.com/csr2007/environmental-performance/spills-and-releases/ |archive-date=September 3, 2009 }}</ref> According to Enbridge, roughly half the oil was recovered.

On January 1, 2007, an Enbridge pipeline that runs from [[Superior, Wisconsin]] to near [[Whitewater, Wisconsin]], cracked open and spilled ~{{convert|50,000|USgal|m3}} of crude oil onto farmland and into a drainage ditch.<ref>{{cite web |last=Content |first=Thomas |url=http://www.jsonline.com/business/29254864.html |title=Oil group cleans spill in Clark County |publisher=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel |date=January 4, 2007 |access-date=2012-12-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520082146/http://www.jsonline.com/business/29254864.html |archive-date=May 20, 2013 }}</ref> The same pipeline was struck by construction crews on February 2, 2007, in Rusk County, Wisconsin, spilling ~{{convert|201,000|USgal|m3}} of crude, of which about {{Convert|87000|U.S.gal|m3|abbr=on}} were recovered. Some of the oil filled a hole more than {{convert|20|ft|m}} deep and contaminated the local water table.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bergquist |first=Lee |url=http://www.jsonline.com/news/wisconsin/29343664.html |title=Oil spill tainted water table |publisher=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel |date=2007-02-16 |access-date=2012-12-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520084215/http://www.jsonline.com/news/wisconsin/29343664.html |archive-date=2013-05-20 }}</ref><ref name="phmsa-dot-gov">{{cite web |url= http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/comm/reports/operator/OperatorIM_opid_11169.html?nocache=5280#_Incidents_tab_3 |title=PHMSA: Stakeholder Communications |publisher=Primis.phmsa.dot.gov |access-date=2012-07-23}}</ref>

In April 2007, roughly {{convert|6227|oilbbl|m3}} of crude oil spilled into a field downstream of an Enbridge pumping station near Glenavon, Saskatchewan.<ref name="Enbridge Spills and Releases" />

In January 2009, an Enbridge pipeline leaked about {{convert|4000|oilbbl|m3}} of oil southeast of [[Fort McMurray]] at the company's Cheecham Terminal tank farm. Most of the spilled oil was contained within berms but about 1% of the oil, about {{convert|40|oilbbl|m3}}, sprayed into the air and coated nearby snow and trees.<ref>[https://edmontonjournal.com/Enbridge+still+mopping+Anzac+spill/1154311/story.html "Enbridge still mopping up Anzac spill"] from edmontonjournal.com {{dead link|date=December 2012}}</ref>

On January 2, 2010, Enbridge's Line&nbsp;2 ruptured near [[Neche, North Dakota]], releasing about 3,784 barrels of crude oil, of which {{Convert|2237|oilbbl|m3|abbr=out}} was recovered.<ref name="phmsa-dot-gov" /><ref>[http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/comm/reports/enforce/documents/320105001H/320105001H_CAO_01192010.pdf "Correction Action Order: Neche, ND"], [[PHMSA]], January 19, 2010.</ref> In April 2010, an Enbridge pipeline ruptured spilling more than {{convert|9.5|oilbbl|m3}} of oil in [[Virden, Manitoba]]. This oil leaked into the Boghill Creek, which eventually connects to the Assiniboine River.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/oil-spills-into-manitoba-creek-1.876037 |title=CBC News: Oil Spill Into Manitoba Creek |website=CBC.ca |date=2010-04-07 |access-date=2012-12-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411064309/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/oil-spills-into-manitoba-creek-1.876037 |archive-date=April 11, 2010 }}</ref>

[[File:Oil Siphon (4885250078).jpg|thumb|upright|The 2010 [[Kalamazoo River oil spill]] resulted in over {{convert|1,000,000|USgal|m3}} of oil leaking into Talmadge Creek and the Kalamazoo River.]]

In the July 2010 [[Kalamazoo River oil spill]], a leaking pipeline spilled more than {{convert|1,000,000|USgal|m3}} of [[Oil sands|oil sands crude oil]] into Talmadge Creek leading to the [[Kalamazoo River]] in southwest Michigan on July 26, near [[Marshall, Michigan]].<ref name="epa.gov"/><ref>[http://cbs2chicago.com/national/michigan.oil.spill.2.1831124.html EPA Raises Oil Spill Estimate In Michigan River] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101004180612/http://cbs2chicago.com/national/michigan.oil.spill.2.1831124.html |date=October 4, 2010 }}</ref> A United States Environmental Protection Agency update of the Kalamazoo River spill concluded the pipeline rupture "caused the largest inland oil spill in Midwest history" and reported the cost of the cleanup at $36.7 million (US) as of November 14, 2011.<ref name="epa.gov">{{cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/enbridgespill/ |title=EPA Response to Enbridge Spill in Michigan &#124; US EPA |publisher=Epa.gov |access-date=2012-07-23}}</ref> PHMSA raised concerns in a Corrective Action Order (CAO) about numerous anomalies that had been detected on this pipeline by internal line inspection tools, yet Enbridge had failed to check a number of those anomalies in the field.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/comm/reports/enforce/documents/320105008H/320105008H_CAO%20Amendment_09222010_text.pdf |title=Link }}</ref> The Michigan spill affected more than {{convert|50|km|order=flip}} of waterways and wetlands and about 320 people reported symptoms from crude oil exposure.<ref>[https://montrealgazette.com/business/story.html?id=6966122 Enbridge proposes changes to Northern Gateway pipeline] July 20, 2012 Canadian Press {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406192257/https://montrealgazette.com/business/story.html/?id=6966122 |date=April 6, 2020 }}</ref>  The [[National Transportation Safety Board]] said at $800&nbsp;million, it was the costliest onshore spill cleanup in U.S.&nbsp;history.<ref>[http://www.foxbusiness.com/news/2012/07/20/enbridge-to-spend-up-to-c500-million-more-on-northern-gateway-safety/ Enbridge to Spend Up to C$500 Million More on Northern Gateway Safety] July 20, 2012, foxbusiness.com {{dead link|date=February 2014}}</ref>  The NTSB found Enbridge knew of a defect in the pipeline five years before it burst.<ref>[http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Energy-Resources/2012/07/19/Michigan-lawmaker-wary-of-Enbridge-plans/UPI-61071342697865/ Michigan lawmaker wary of Enbridge plans] July 19, 2012</ref> In June 2013, a Kalamazoo man lodged himself into an Enbridge pipeline in Marshall, MI to protest Enbridge's lack of accountability for the 2010 spill and to encourage landowners along Enbridge's Line 6B expansion to offer increased resistance to construction in 2013.<ref name="AP Photo/EPA">{{cite web|author=AP Photo/EPA |url=http://www.mlive.com/news/kalamazoo/index.ssf/2013/06/man_climbs_into_pipeline_in_pr.html |title=Man climbs into pipeline in protest of Enbridge Inc. in Marshall |website=MLive.com |date=2013-06-24 |access-date=2014-02-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Ryan|last=Felton|url=http://detroit.jalopnik.com/man-skateboards-inside-pipeline-to-protest-2010-michiga-559148393 |title=Man Skateboards Inside Pipeline To Protest 2010 Michigan Oil Spill |website=Detroit.jalopnik.com |date=2013-06-24 |access-date=2014-02-13}}</ref> In 2014, Enbridge completed cleanup of the river per the EPA's order.<ref>{{Cite web|last=US EPA|first=REG 05|date=2016-02-12|title=Enbridge Spill Response Timeline|url=https://www.epa.gov/enbridge-spill-michigan/enbridge-spill-response-timeline|access-date=2021-03-23|website=US EPA|language=en}}</ref>

On September 9, 2010, a broken water line caused a rupture on Enbridge's Line 6A pipeline near [[Romeoville, Illinois]], releasing an estimated {{convert|7,500|oilbbl|m3}} of oil into the surrounding area.<ref name="epa.gov" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://romeoville.enbridgeus.com/line6a/main.aspx?id=13255 |title=Enbridge US |publisher=Romeoville.enbridgeus.com |access-date=2012-07-23 }}{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

On June 22, 2013, Enbridge subsidiary Athabasca pipelines reported a pipeline leak of approximately 750 barrels of light [[synthetic crude]] oil from Line 37 near Enbridge's Cheecham, Alberta, terminal about {{convert|70|km|mi}} southeast of [[Fort McMurray]]. The 17-kilometre-long, 12-inch diameter pipe was constructed in 2006 and links the [[Long Lake (oil sands)|Long Lake oilsands upgrader]] to the Cheetham terminal as part of Enbridge's Athabasca system.<ref name=edjournal25june2013 /> Unusually heavy rainfall in the region, also responsible for the [[2013 Alberta floods]], may have caused "ground movement on the right-of way that may have impacted the pipeline."<ref name=Enbridge25jun2013>{{cite web|url=http://www.enbridge.com/MediaCentre/News/Line-37.aspx|publisher=Enbridge Media Centre|date=25 June 2013|access-date=25 June 2013|title=Line 37 Release|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627094717/http://www.enbridge.com/MediaCentre/News/Line-37.aspx|archive-date=27 June 2013}}</ref> Enbridge's Athabasca (Line 19) shares a portion of right of way with Line 37 and Enbridge's Wood Buffalo/Waupisoo (Line 75/18), a major part of the network that serves Alberta's oilsands.<ref name="edjournal25june2013">{{cite news|title=Enbridge Says Spill from Line 37 Near Fort McMurray, Alta., is Being Cleaned Up |publisher=Canadian Press |date=25 June 2013 |newspaper=Edmonton Journal |url=https://edmontonjournal.com/business/Enbridge+says+spill+from+Line+near+Fort+McMurray+Alta+being/8576990/story.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828081104/http://www.edmontonjournal.com/business/Enbridge+says+spill+from+Line+near+Fort+McMurray+Alta+being/8576990/story.html |archive-date=August 28, 2013 }}</ref> All three lines were closed down as a precautionary measure. Operations between [[Hardisty, Alberta|Hardisty]] and [[Cheecham, Alberta|Cheecham]] were restored on June 23 when Enbridge's Athabasca pipeline (Line 19) was restored to service.<ref name="Enbridge25jun2013" />{{Unreliable source?|date=February 2014}}

On July 1, 2013, [[WWMT#News operation|WWMT News]] in Michigan reported that the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality had issued a citation against Enbridge for contamination of North Ore Creek by an Enbridge pipeline maintenance activity.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wwmt.com/shared/news/features/state/stories/wwmt_deq-issues-violation-notice-enbridge-over-livingston-co-facility-2452.shtml|title=deq-issues-violation-notice-enbridge|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130703193455/http://wwmt.com/shared/news/features/state/stories/wwmt_deq-issues-violation-notice-enbridge-over-livingston-co-facility-2452.shtml|archive-date=2013-07-03}}</ref>

On January 30, 2017, a road crew in Texas punctured the [[Seaway S-1]] crude oil pipeline, which is jointly owned by [[Enterprise Products Partners]] and Enbridge through the joint venture [[Seaway Crude Pipeline Company]]. Two days later, it was unclear how much oil had spilled over the nearby Highway 121 northeast of [[Dallas]]. After the incident, supply concerns reportedly helped push "oil prices 2% higher in early trading to nearly $54 a barrel."<ref>{{Citation
| last       =Molinski 
| first      = Dan 
| date       =January 31, 2017
| title      =Shutdown of Texas Pipeline Boosting Oil Prices
| work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]
| location =New York City 
| url        =https://www.wsj.com/articles/shutdown-of-texas-pipeline-boosting-oil-prices-1485880455
| access-date =February 1, 2017
|url-access=subscription 
}}</ref>

On October 9, 2018, Enbridge's [[Westcoast Pipeline]] exploded in [[Shelley, British Columbia]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://business.financialpost.com/news/newsalert-enbridge-pipeline-ruptures-sparks-fire-near-prince-george-b-c-2|title='It Was Huge': Enbridge Gas Pipeline Ruptures, Sparking Massive Fire and evacuation north of Prince George, B.C.|website=Financial Post|date=2018-10-10|access-date=2019-03-17|last1=Smart|first1=Amy}}</ref> sparking a massive fireball and leading to shortages of natural gas throughout British Columbia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/enbridge-1.4873658|title=B.C.'s Natural Gas Supply Could be Reduced as Much as 50% This Winter|date=October 23, 2018|website=CBC|access-date=2019-03-17}}</ref>

On November 11, 2024 Enbridge's Line 6 pipeline spilled 69,300 gallons of crude oil underground. According to Enbridge, the spilt oil was a result of a faulty connection on a pump transfer pipe. An enbridge technician was the first to discover the spill in [[Oakland, Jefferson County, Wisconsin]]. Enbridge in response started soil removal in polluted areas from the spill.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bentley |first=Drake |date=December 13, 2024 |title=Enbridge pipeline spills nearly 70,000 gallons of crude oil in Jefferson County |url=https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/2024/12/13/enbridge-pipeline-in-wisconsin-spills-nearly-70000-gallons-of-oil/76974061007/ |access-date=December 13, 2024 |website=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel}}</ref>