Editing Environmental movement (section)

====India====
{{Further|Environmental movement in India}}

Environmental and public health is an ongoing struggle within India. The first seed of an environmental movement in India was the foundation in 1964 of ''Dasholi Gram Swarajya Sangh'', a labour cooperative started by [[Chandi Prasad Bhatt]]. It was inaugurated by [[Sucheta Kriplani]] and founded on land donated by Shyma Devi. This initiative was eventually followed up with the [[Chipko movement]] starting in 1974.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Badri |first=Adarsh |date=2024-03-04 |title=Feeling for the Anthropocene: affective relations and ecological activism in the global South |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiae010 |journal=International Affairs |volume=100 |issue=2 |pages=731–749 |doi=10.1093/ia/iiae010 |issn=0020-5850}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Badri |first=Adarsh |date=2024-06-03 |title=Chipko's Lessons for Today's Global Environmentalism – Adarsh Badri |url=https://adarshbadri.me/international-affairs/chipko-lesson-global-activism/ |access-date=2024-07-19 |language=en-US}}</ref>

The most severe single event underpinning the movement was the [[Bhopal disaster|Bhopal gas leakage]] on 3 December 1984.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Taylor |first=Alan |title=Bhopal: The World's Worst Industrial Disaster, 30 Years Later - The Atlantic |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2014/12/bhopal-the-worlds-worst-industrial-disaster-30-years-later/100864/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606200812/https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2014/12/bhopal-the-worlds-worst-industrial-disaster-30-years-later/100864/ |archive-date=6 June 2020 |access-date=10 June 2020 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref> 40 tons of [[methyl isocyanate]] was released, immediately killing 2,259 people and ultimately affecting 700,000 citizens.

India has a national campaign against [[Coca-Cola]] and [[Pepsi Cola]] plants due to their practices of drawing groundwater and contaminating fields with sludge. The movement is characterized by local struggles against intensive [[aquaculture]] farms. The most influential part of the environmental movement in India is the anti-dam movement. Dam creation has been thought of as a way for India to catch up with the West by connecting to the [[power grid]] with giant dams, coal or oil-powered plants, or nuclear plants. Jhola Aandolan a mass [[Social movement|movement]] is conducting as fighting against [[polyethylene]] carry bags uses and promoting cloth/jute/paper carry bags to protect the environment and [[nature]]. Activists in the Indian environmental movement consider global warming, sea levels rising, and glaciers retreating decreasing the amount of water flowing into streams to be the biggest challenges for them to face in the early twenty-first century.<ref name="Asia" />
Eco Revolution movement has been started by [https://econeeds.org/ Eco Needs Foundation]<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to Eco Needs Foundation |url=http://www.econeeds.org |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527120113/http://www.econeeds.org/ |archive-date=27 May 2021 |access-date=2 July 2017 |website=Econeeds.org}}</ref> in 2008 from Aurangabad Maharashtra that seeks the participation of children, youth, researchers, spiritual and political leaders to organise awareness programmes and conferences. Child activists against [[air pollution in India]] and [[Greenhouse gas emissions by India|greenhouse gas emissions]] by India include [[Licypriya Kangujam]]. From the mid to late 2010s a coalition of urban and Indigenous communities came together to protect [[Aarey Forest|Aarey]], a forest located in the suburbs of [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Harris |first1=Kenzie |last2=Jhaveri |first2=Radhika |date=2024-02-06 |title=Commons Conversations: Insights into Environmental Justice Movements in India with Radhika Jhaveri |url=https://commonslibrary.org/commons-conversations-insights-into-environmental-justice-movements-in-india-with-radhika-jhaveri/ |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=The Commons Social Change Library |language=en-AU}}</ref>  Farming and indigenous communities have also opposed pollution and clearing caused by mining in states such as [[Goa]], [[Odisha]], and [[Chhattisgarh]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smit |first=Jan Paul |date=2022-11-21 |title=Mining Resistance in India |url=https://commonslibrary.org/mining-resistance-in-india/ |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=The Commons Social Change Library |language=en-AU}}</ref>