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Epidural administration
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=== Combined spinal-epidural techniques === {{Main|Combined spinal and epidural anesthesia}} For some procedures where both the rapid onset of a [[spinal anaesthesia|spinal anesthetic]] and the post-operative analgesic effects of an epidural are desired, both techniques may be used in combination. This is called [[combined spinal and epidural anesthesia]] (CSE). The spinal anesthetic may be administered in one location, and the epidural at an adjacent location. Alternatively, after locating the epidural space with the Tuohy needle, a spinal needle may be inserted through the Tuohy needle into the [[subarachnoid space]].<ref name="episteroid" /> The spinal dose is then given, the spinal needle withdrawn, and the epidural catheter inserted as normal. This method, known as the "needle-through-needle" technique, may be associated with a slightly higher risk of placing the catheter into the subarachnoid space.<ref name="cochraneCSE">{{cite journal |last1=Simmons |first1=Scott W |last2=Dennis |first2=Alicia T |last3=Cyna |first3=Allan M |last4=Richardson |first4=Matthew G |last5=Bright |first5=Matthew R |title=Combined spinal-epidural versus spinal anesthesia for caesarean section |journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |date=10 October 2019 |volume=10 |issue=10 |pages=CD008100 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD008100.pub2|pmid=31600820 |pmc=6786885 }}</ref>
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