Editing Event-related potential (section)

=== Number of trials ===
A common issue in ERP studies is whether the observed data have a sufficient number of trials to support statistical analysis.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Clayson |first=Peter E. |date=2024 |title=The psychometric upgrade psychophysiology needs |journal=[[Psychophysiology]] |language=en |volume=61 |issue=3 |pages=e14522 |doi=10.1111/psyp.14522 |pmid=38228400 |pmc=10922751 |issn=0048-5772}}</ref> The background noise in any ERP for any individual can vary. Therefore simply characterizing the number of ERP trials needed for a robust component response is inadequate. ERP researchers can use metrics like the standardized measurement error (SME) to justify the examination of between-condition or between-group differences<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Luck SJ, Stewart AX, Simmons AM, Rhemtulla M | title = Standardized measurement error: A universal metric of data quality for averaged event-related potentials | journal = Psychophysiology | volume = 58 | issue = 6 | pages = e13793 | date = June 2021 | pmid = 33782996 | pmc = 8169536 | doi = 10.1111/psyp.13793 }}</ref> or estimates of internal consistency to justify the examination of individual differences.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Clayson PE, Miller GA | title = Psychometric considerations in the measurement of event-related brain potentials: Guidelines for measurement and reporting | journal = International Journal of Psychophysiology | volume = 111 | pages = 57–67 | date = January 2017 | pmid = 27619493 | doi = 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.09.005 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Clayson PE, Brush CJ, Hajcak G | title = Data quality and reliability metrics for event-related potentials (ERPs): The utility of subject-level reliability | journal = International Journal of Psychophysiology | volume = 165 | pages = 121–136 | date = July 2021 | pmid = 33901510 | doi = 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.04.004 | s2cid = 233408794 | url = https://psyarxiv.com/ja6bw/download | url-access = subscription }}</ref><ref name=":1" />