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Extended producer responsibility
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==Results== In Germany, since the adoption of EPR, "between 1991 and 1998, the per capita consumption of [[packaging]] was reduced from 94.7 kg to 82 kg, resulting in a reduction of 13.4%".<ref name="Hanisch 170A-175A">{{cite journal |author-last=Hanisch |author-first=C. |date=2000-04-01 |title=Is extended producer responsibility effective? |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21662636/ |journal=Environmental Science & Technology |volume=34 |issue=7 |pages=170Aβ175A |doi=10.1021/es003229n |issn=0013-936X |pmid=21662636}}</ref> Furthermore, due to Germany's influence in EPR, the "European Commission developed one waste directive" for all EU member states [β¦] One major goal was to have all member states recycle "25% of all packaging material"<ref name="Hanisch 170A-175A"/> and the goal has been accomplished. In the United States, EPR is gaining popularity "with 40 such laws enacted since 2008. In 2010 alone, 38 such EPR bills were introduced in state legislatures across the United States, and 12 were signed into law."<ref name="JIE 175-85">{{cite journal |author-last1=Nash |author-first1=Jennifer |author-last2=Bosso |author-first2=Christopher |date=April 2013 |title=Extended Producer Responsibility in the United States: Full Speed Ahead? |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00572.x |journal=Journal of Industrial Ecology |language=en |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=175β185 |doi=10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00572.x |issn=1088-1980}}</ref> However, these laws are at the state level: there are no federal laws for EPR. So far, "only a handful of states have imposed five to six EPR laws as well as 32 states having at least one EPR law".<ref name="JIE 175-85"/> From 2022, if the product is sold in France or Germany, Marketplaces must confirm that the manufacturer complies with the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) rules in the country where it sells the product.
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