Editing Fall of man (section)

===Islam===
{{Main|Adam and Eve in Islam}}

{{Further|Islamic views on sin}}
[[File:Expulsion from 'the Garden'.jpg|thumb|right|[[Persian miniature]] depicting the expulsion of Adam and Eve, observed by the [[Angels in Islam|angel]] [[Riḍwan]], the Serpent, the Peacock, and [[Iblis|Iblīs]].]]

In [[Islam]], it is believed that [[Adam in Islam|Adam]] ({{Transliteration|ar|Ādam}}) and [[Eve in Islam|Eve]] ({{Transliteration|ar|Ḥawwā}}) were misled by [[Iblis|Iblīs]] (otherwise referred to as {{Transliteration|ar|[[Shaitan|al-Shayṭān]]}}, {{lit|the Devil}}),<ref name="Awn 1983" /><ref name="EI2">{{cite encyclopedia |author1-last=Gardet |author1-first=Louis |author2-last=Wensinck |author2-first=A. J. |year=1971 |title=Iblīs |editor1-last=Bosworth |editor1-first=C. E. |editor1-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor2-last=van Donzel |editor2-first=E. J. |editor2-link=Emeri Johannes van Donzel |editor3-last=Heinrichs |editor3-first=W. P. |editor3-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs |editor4-last=Lewis |editor4-first=B. |editor5-last=Pellat |editor5-first=Ch. |editor5-link=Charles Pellat |editor6-last=Schacht |editor6-first=J. |editor6-link=Joseph Schacht |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam#2nd edition, EI2|Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition]] |location=[[Leiden]] |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |volume=3 |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3021 |isbn=978-90-04-16121-4}}</ref> who tempted them with the promise of [[immortality]] and a kingdom that never decays,<ref name="Awn 1983" /><ref>{{qref|20|120|b=y}}</ref> saying: "Your Lord has forbidden this tree to you only to prevent you from becoming angels or immortals.".<ref>{{qref|7|20|b=y}}</ref> Adam and Eve had been previously warned of Shayṭān's scheming against them,<ref name="Awn 1983" /><ref>{{qref|20|117|b=y}}</ref> and had been commanded by [[God in Islam|God]] to avoid the [[Tree of the knowledge of good and evil|tree of immortality]] that Shayṭān referred to.<ref name="Awn 1983" /><ref name="EI2" /> Although God had reminded them that there was enough provision for them "Here it is guaranteed that you will never go hungry or unclothed, nor will you ˹ever˺ suffer from thirst or ˹the sun’s˺ heat.",<ref>{{qref|20|118-119|b=y}}</ref> they ultimately gave in to Shayṭān's temptation and partook of the tree anyway.<ref name="Awn 1983" /> Following this [[Islamic views on sin|sin]], "their nakedness was exposed to them, prompting them to cover themselves with leaves from Paradise.",<ref>{{qref|20|121|b=y}}</ref> and were subsequently sent down from [[Jannah|Paradise]] ({{Transliteration|ar|Jannah}}) onto the Earth with "enmity one to another".<ref name="Awn 1983" /> However, God also gave them the assurance that "when guidance comes to you from Me, whoever follows My guidance will neither go astray ˹in this life˺ nor suffer ˹in the next˺."<ref>{{qref|20|123|b=y}}</ref>

[[Ulama|Muslim scholars]] can be divided into two groups regarding the reason behind Adam's fall: the first point of view argues that Adam sinned out of his own [[Free will in theology|free will]], and only became a [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|prophet]] later, after he was cast out of paradise and asked for forgiveness. They adhere to the doctrine according to which [[Ismah|moral infallibility/immunity from sin]] (''‘iṣmah'') is a quality attributable to prophets only after they have been sent on a mission.<ref name="dogma">{{rp|p=194}} Stieglecker, H. (1962). Die Glaubenslehren des Islam. Deutschland: F. Schöningh. p. 194 (German)</ref> According to the second point of view, [[Predestination in Islam|Adam was predestined by God's will]] to eat from the forbidden tree, because God planned to set Adam and his progeny on Earth from the beginning and thus installed Adam's fall.<ref name="dogma" />{{rp|p=194}} For this reason, many [[Tafsir|Muslim exegetes]] do not regard Adam and Eve's expulsion from paradise as a punishment for disobedience or a result from abused [[Free will in theology|free will]] on their part,<ref name="Lange-2016">{{cite book |last= Lange|first= Christian|author-link= |date= 2016|title= Paradise and Hell in Islamic Traditions|url= |location= Cambridge United Kingdom|publisher= Cambridge University Press|page= |isbn=978-0-521-50637-3}}</ref>{{rp|p=171}} but rather as part of [[Hikmah|God's wisdom]] (''ḥikmah'') and plan for humanity to experience the full range of his attributes, his love, forgiveness, and power to his creation.<ref name="Lange-2016" /> By their former abode in paradise, they can hope for return during their lifetime. Unlike [[Iblis|Iblīs]] (''[[Shaitan|al-Shayṭān]]''), Adam asked for forgiveness for his transgression, despite God being the ultimate cause of his Fall. For that reason, God bestowed mercy upon Adam and his children. Some Muslim scholars view Adam as an image for his descendants: humans sin, become aware of it, [[Repentance in Islam|repent for their transgressions]] (''tawba''), and return to God. According to this interpretation, Adam embodies humanity and his Fall shows humans how to act whenever they sin.<ref name="dogma" />{{rp|p=194}}

Within the [[Shia Islam|Shīʿīte]] [[Islamic schools and branches#Shīʿa Islam|branch of Islam]], Muslim followers of the [[Alawites|Alawite sect]] believe that their souls were once luminous stars worshipping [[Ali|ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib]] in a world of light, but that upon committing sins of pride they were banished from their former state and forced to transmigrate in the world of matter.<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Olsson|editor1-first=Tord|editor2-last=Özdalga|editor2-first=Elisabeth|editor3-last=Raudvere|editor3-first=Catharina|title=Alevi Identity: Cultural, Religious and Social Perspectives|date=1998|publisher=Routledge|location=England|pages=214–215|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A16QAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA214|language=en|isbn=9781135797256}}</ref>