Editing Geographical exploration (section)

===Late modern period===
{{see also|Deep-sea exploration|Late modern period}}
[[File:Carte Lewis-Clark Expedition-en.png|thumb|Route of the [[Lewis and Clark Expedition]]]]

Long after the Age of Discovery, other explorers "completed" the world map, such as various [[Russian Empire|Russian]] explorers, reaching the [[Siberia]]n Pacific coast and the [[Bering Strait]], at the extreme edge of Asia and [[Alaska]] (North America); [[Vitus Bering]] (1681–1741) who in the service of the Russian Navy, explored the Bering Strait, the [[Bering Sea]], the North American coast of Alaska, and some other northern areas of the Pacific Ocean; and [[James Cook]], who explored the east coast of Australia, the [[Hawaiian Islands]], and circumnavigated [[Antarctica]].

There were still significant explorations which occurred well into the [[late modern period]]. This includes the [[Lewis and Clark Expedition]] (1804–1806), an overland expedition dispatched by President [[Thomas Jefferson]] to explore the newly acquired Louisiana Purchase and to find an interior aquatic route to the Pacific Ocean, along with other objectives to examine the flora and fauna of the continent. In 1818, the British researcher [[John Ross (Royal Navy officer)|John Ross]] was the first to find that the deep sea is inhabited by life when catching [[jellyfish]] and [[worm]]s in about {{convert|2000|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} depth with a special device.{{Clarify|reason=What kind of special device?|date=January 2023}} The [[United States Exploring Expedition]] (1838–1842) was an expedition sent by President [[Andrew Jackson]], in order to survey the Pacific Ocean and surrounding lands.

The extreme conditions in the deep sea require elaborate methods and technologies to endure them. In the 20th century, deep-sea exploration advanced considerably through a series of technological inventions, ranging from the [[sonar]] system, which can detect the presence of solid objects underwater through the use of reflected sound, to manned [[Deep-submergence vehicle|deep-diving submersibles]]. In 1960, [[Jacques Piccard]] and [[United States Navy]] Lieutenant [[Don Walsh|Donald Walsh]] descended in the [[bathyscaphe]] [[Bathyscaphe Trieste|''Trieste'']] into the deepest part of the world's oceans, the [[Mariana Trench]].<ref name="independent1">{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/jacques-piccard-oceanographer-and-pioneer-of-deepsea-exploration-992032.html |title=Jacques Piccard: Oceanographer and pioneer of deep-sea exploration – Obituaries, News |work=[[The Independent]] |date= 2008-11-05 |access-date=2010-09-17 |location=London}}</ref> In 2018, {{ship||DSV Limiting Factor}}, piloted by [[Victor Vescovo]], completed the first mission to the deepest point of the Atlantic Ocean, diving {{Convert|8,375|m|ft|abbr=on}} below the ocean surface to the base of the [[Puerto Rico Trench]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/dec/22/wall-street-trader-reaches-bottom-of-atlantic-in-bid-to-conquer-five-oceans |title=Wall Street trader reaches bottom of Atlantic in bid to conquer five oceans |last=Neate |first=Rupert |date=2018-12-22 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=2019-06-02 |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> With the advent of satellite imagery and aviation, broad scale exploration of the surface of [[Earth]] has largely ceased, however the culture of many disconnected tribes still remain undocumented and left to be explored, and the details of more inaccessible ecosystems remains undescribed. Urban exploration is the exploration of manmade structures, usually abandoned ruins or hidden components of the manmade environment.