Editing Hadza language (section)

===Verbs and adjectives===
An [[infix]] {{angle bracket|kV}}, where V is an [[echo vowel]], occurs after the first syllable of verbs to indicate [[pluractional]]ity.

The copula was covered above. Hadza has several [[auxiliary verb]]s: sequential ''ka-'' and ''iya-'' ~ ''ya-'' 'and then', negative ''akhwa-'' 'not', and [[subjunctive]] ''i-''. Their inflections may be irregular or have different inflectional endings from those of lexical verbs,<ref>''Ya'' and ''ka'' take ''-ˆto, -tikwa, -ˆte, -ˆti'' in the 3rd-person posterior rather than ''-amo, -akwa, -ame, -ami'', for example. In lexical verbs, those endings are used with habitual ''-he-'' to emphasize it.</ref> which are as follows:

{|class=wikitable
|+Hadza [[tense–aspect–mood]] inflections
! ||anterior/<br />non-past||posterior/<br />past||potential<br />conditional||[[veridical]]<br />conditional||imperative/<br />[[hortative]]||purposive<br />(subjunctive)
|-
!1sg
| -ˆta||-naa||-nee||-nikwi|| ||-na
|-
!1.ex
| -'ota||-'aa||-'ee||-'ukwi|| ||-ya
|-
!1.in
| -bita||-baa||-bee||-bikwi||(use 2pl)||-ba
|-
!2sg
| -tita ~ -ita||-taa||-tee||-tikwi||-'V||-ta
|-
!2f.pl
| -(e)têta||-(e)tea||-etee||rowspan=2|-ˆtîkwi||colspan=2|-(ˆ)te
|-
!2m.pl
| -(i)tîta||-(i)tia||-itii||colspan=2|-(ˆ)si
|-
!3m.sg
| -eya||-amo||-heso||-kwiso||-ka||-so
|-
!3f.sg
| -ako||-akwa||-heko||-kwiko||-kota||-ko
|-
!3f.pl
| -ephee||-ame||-hese||-kwise||-keta||-se
|-
!3m.pl
| -iphii||-ami||-hisi||-kwisi||-kitcha||-si
|}

The functions of the anterior and posterior differ between auxiliaries; with lexical verbs, they are non-past and past. The potential and veridical conditionals reflect the degree of certainty that something would have occurred. 1sg.npst ''-ˆta'' and a couple other forms lengthen the preceding vowel. The 1.ex forms apart from ''-ya'' begin with a glottal stop. The imp.sg is a glottal stop followed by an [[echo vowel]].

Habitual forms take ''-he'', which tends to reduce to a long vowel, before these endings. In some verbs, the habitual has become lexicalized (marking the {{sc|3.post}} forms with glottal stop), and so an actual habitual takes a second ''-he''. Various compound tense-aspect-moods occur by doubling up the inflectional endings. There are several additional inflections which have not been worked out.

The inflectional endings are [[clitic]]s and may occur on an adverb before the verb, leaving a bare verb stem (verb root plus object suffixes).

====Attributives====
As is common in the area, there are only a few bare-root adjectives in Hadza, such as ''pakapaa'' 'big'. Most attributive forms take a suffix with cross-gender&nbsp;number marking: ''-e'' (m.sg. and f.pl.) or ''-i'' (f.sg. and m.pl.). These agree with the noun they modify. The ''-i'' form tends to trigger [[vowel harmony]], so that, for example, the adjective ''one-'' 'sweet' has the following forms:

{|class=wikitable
|+''one'' 'sweet'
! ||singular||plural
|-
!masc
| onê (onehe)||unîbii
|-
!fem
| unîko||onêbee
|}
The ''-ko/-bee/-bii'' ending may be replaced by the copula, but the ''e/i'' cross-number&nbsp;gender marking remains.

Demonstratives, adjectives, and other attributives may occur before or after a noun, but nouns only take their gender&nbsp;number endings when they occur first in the noun phrase: ''Ondoshibii unîbii'' 'sweet cordia berries', ''manako unîko'' 'tasty meat', but ''unîbii ondoshi'' and ''unîko mana''. Similarly, ''dongoko bôko'' but ''bôko dongo'' 'those zebra'.

Verbs may also be made attributive: ''dluzîko akwiti'' 'the woman (''akwitiko'') who is speaking', from ''dlozo'' 'to say'. This attributive form is used with the copula to form the [[progressive aspect]]: ''dlozênee'' 'I am speaking' (male speaker), ''dluzîneko'' 'I am speaking' (female speaker).

====Object marking====
Verbs may take up to two object suffixes, for a direct object (DO) and indirect object (IO). These only differ in the {{gcl|1EX}} and {{gcl|3SG}}. The {{gcl|IO}} suffixes are also used on nouns to indicate possession (''mako-kwa'' 'my pot', ''mako-a-kwa'' 'it is my pot').

{|class=wikitable
|+Object/possessive suffixes
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2|{{gcl|SG}}
!colspan=2|{{gcl|PL}}
|-
!{{gcl|DO}} !! {{gcl|IO}}
!{{gcl|DO}} !! {{gcl|IO}}
|-
!{{gcl|1EX}}
|rowspan=2 colspan=2| -kwa || -oba || -ya
|-
!{{gcl|1IN}}
|colspan=2| -ona ~ -yona
|-
!{{gcl|2F}}
|colspan=2| -ena||colspan=2 rowspan=2| -ina
|-
!{{gcl|2F}}
|colspan=2| -na
|-
!{{gcl|3M}}
| -a ~ -ya ~ -na||-ma||colspan=2| -itcha
|-
!{{gcl|3F}}
| -ta||-sa||colspan=2| -eta
|}
Two object suffixes are only allowed if the first (the {{gcl|DO}}) is 3rd person. In such cases the {{gcl|DO}} reduces to the form of the attributive suffix: ''-e'' ({{gcl|M}}.{{gcl|SG}} / {{gcl|F}}.{{gcl|PL}}) or ''-i'' ({{gcl|F}}.{{gcl|PL}} / {{gcl|M}}.{{gcl|SG}}); only context tells which combination of number and gender is intended. 3rd-singular direct objects also reduce to this form in the imperative singular; 3rd-plural change their vowels but do not conflate with the singular: see 'dead zebra' under nouns above for an example of the forms.