Editing Heat engine (section)

=== Mesoscopic heat engines ===
Mesoscopic heat engines are nanoscale devices that may serve the goal of processing heat fluxes and perform useful work at small scales. Potential applications include e.g. electric cooling devices. In such mesoscopic heat engines, work per cycle of operation fluctuates due to thermal noise. There is exact equality that relates average of exponents of work performed by any heat engine and the heat transfer from the hotter heat bath.<ref name='sinitsyn-11jpa'>{{cite journal|title=Fluctuation Relation for Heat Engines|author=N. A. Sinitsyn |journal=J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.|volume=44|year=2011|issue=40 |page=405001|doi=10.1088/1751-8113/44/40/405001|arxiv=1111.7014 |bibcode=2011JPhA...44N5001S|s2cid=119261929 }}</ref> <!-- N.A. Sinitsyn 2011 JPA ''44''' 405001 --> This relation transforms the Carnot's inequality into exact equality. This relation is also a Carnot cycle equality