Editing Hebron (section)

===Israeli occupation===
[[File:Hebron105.JPG|thumb|Constructed in 1893, this former Jewish clinic in central Hebron now forms part of an Israeli settlement.]]

After the [[Six-Day War]] in June 1967, Israel [[Israeli occupation of the West Bank|occupied]] Hebron along with the rest of the [[West Bank]], establishing a [[Israeli Military Governorate|military government]] to rule the area. In an attempt to reach a [[land for peace]] deal, [[Yigal Allon]] proposed that Israel annex 45% of the West Bank and return the remainder to Jordan.<ref>{{harvnb|Gorenberg|2007|pp=80–83}}.</ref> According to the [[Allon Plan]], the city of Hebron would lie in Jordanian territory, and in order to determine Israel's own border, Allon suggested building a Jewish settlement adjacent to Hebron.<ref>{{harvnb|Gorenberg|2007|pp=138–39}}</ref> [[David Ben-Gurion]] also considered that Hebron was the one sector of the conquered territories that should remain under Jewish control and be open to Jewish settlement.<ref>{{harvnb|Sternhell|1999|p=333}}</ref> Apart from its symbolic message to the international community that Israel's rights in Hebron were, according to Jews, inalienable,<ref>{{harvnb|Sternhell|1999|p=337}}: "In building this new Jewish town, one was sending a message to the international community: for the Jews, the sites connected with Jewish history are inalienable, and if later, for circumstantial reasons, the state of Israel is obliged to give one or another of them up, the step is not considered final."</ref> settling Hebron also had theological significance in some quarters.<ref>{{harvnb|Gorenberg|2007|p=151}}: "David's kingdom was a model for the [[Apocalyptic literature|messianic kingdom]]. David began in Hebron, so settling Hebron would lead to final redemption."</ref> For some, the capture of Hebron by Israel had unleashed a messianic fervor.<ref>{{harvnb|Segev|2008|p=698}}: "Hebron was considered a holy city; the massacre of Jews there in 1929 was imprinted on [[national memory]] along with the great pogroms of Eastern Europe. The messianic fervor that characterized the Hebron settlers was more powerful than the awakening that led people to settle in East Jerusalem: while Jerusalem had already been annexed, the future of Hebron was still unclear."</ref>

[[File:2018 OCHA OpT map Hebron.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|left|2018 [[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|United Nations]] map of the area, showing the [[Israeli occupation of the West Bank|Israeli occupation]] arrangements.]]
Survivors and descendants of the prior community are mixed. Some support the project of Jewish redevelopment, others commend living in peace with Hebronite Arabs, while a third group recommend a full pullout.<ref name="jpt">{{cite news |author=Tovah Lazaroff |title=Hebron Jews' offspring divided over city's fate |date=May 17, 2006 |newspaper=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?apage=1&cid=1145961357122&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816165944/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?apage=1&cid=1145961357122&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull |archive-date=August 16, 2011}}</ref> Descendants supporting the latter views have met with Palestinian leaders in Hebron.<ref name="agf">''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]''. "[https://www.angelfire.com/il/FourMothers/Yona.html Hebron descendants decry actions of current settlers They are kin of the Jews ousted in 1929]", March 3, 1997.</ref> In 1997 one group of descendants dissociated themselves from the settlers by calling them an obstacle to peace.<ref name="agf" /> On May 15, 2006, a member of a group who is a direct descendant of the 1929 refugees<ref name=shragai>{{Cite news
|last = Shragai
|first = Nadav
|title = 80 years on, massacre victims' kin reclaims Hebron house
|work = Haaretz
|access-date = February 7, 2008
|date = December 26, 2007
|url = http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/938599.html
}}</ref> urged the government to continue its support of Jewish settlement, and allow the return of eight families evacuated the previous January from homes they set up in emptied shops near the Avraham Avinu neighborhood.<ref name="jpt" /> [[Beit HaShalom]], established in 2007 under disputed circumstances, was under court orders permitting its forced evacuation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/907606.html |title=Gov't bans Hebron settlers from winterizing controversial house |first1=Nadav |last1=Shargai |date=September 26, 2007 |newspaper=Haaretz |access-date=November 12, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090803093117/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/907606.html |archive-date=August 3, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Katz |first1=Yaakov |last2=Lazaroff |first2=Tovah |title=Hebron settlers try to buy more homes |newspaper=The Jerusalem Post |url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1176152784857&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull |access-date=November 12, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111022800/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1176152784857&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull |archive-date=January 11, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1037864.html |title=Settlers threaten 'Amona'-style riots over Hebron eviction |date=November 17, 2008 |first1=Nadav |last1=Shragai |first2=Tomer |last2=Zarchin |newspaper=Haaretz |access-date=November 12, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090522030308/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1037864.html |archive-date=May 22, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1039263.html |title=Hebron settler mob caught on video clashing with IDF troops |first1=Amos |last1=Harel |date=November 20, 2008 |newspaper=Haaretz |access-date=November 12, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100420034311/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1039263.html |archive-date=April 20, 2010}}</ref> All the Jewish settlers were expelled on December 3, 2008.<ref>[http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1227702434796&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull "High alert in West Bank following Beit Hashalom evacuation"]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929100824/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1227702434796&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull |date=September 29, 2011}} ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]''. December 4, 2008.</ref>

[[File:Israeli soldiers on Palestine street.jpg|thumb|right|Israeli soldiers patrol an open-air market.]]
Immediately after the 1967 war, mayor al-Ja'bari had unsuccessfully promoted the creation of an autonomous Palestinian entity in the West Bank, and by 1972, he was advocating for a confederal arrangement with Jordan instead. al-Ja'bari nevertheless consistently fostered a conciliatory policy towards Israel.<ref>{{cite news |author=Charles Reynell |title=unknown |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cxVXAAAAYAAJ |volume=242 |year=1972}}<!-- this ref originally inserted by [[User:Baybars-hamimi|Baybars-hamimi]] in edit 522855329 in revision of 17:43, 13 November 2012 (UTC); unfortunately it's difficult to determine the true article title, and this Wikipedian ceased editing activity shortly thereafter. --></ref> He was ousted by Fahad Qawasimi in the 1976 mayoral election, which marked a shift in support towards pro-PLO nationalist leaders.<ref>{{harvnb|Mattar|2005|p=255}}</ref> Supporters of Jewish settlement within Hebron see their program as the reclamation of an important heritage dating back to Biblical times, which was dispersed or, it is argued, stolen by Arabs after the massacre of 1929.<ref>{{harvnb|Bouckaert|2001|p=14}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Rubenberg|2003|pp=162–63)}}</ref> The purpose of settlement is to return to the 'land of our forefathers',<ref>{{harvnb|Kellerman|1993|p=89}}</ref> and the Hebron model of reclaiming sacred sites in Palestinian territories has pioneered a pattern for settlers in Bethlehem and Nablus.<ref>{{harvnb|Rubenberg|2003|p=187}}.</ref> Many reports, foreign and Israeli, are sharply critical of the behavior of Hebronite settlers.<ref>{{harvnb| Bovard|2004|p=265}}, citing Charles A. Radin (July 31, 2002). "A Top Israeli Says Settlers Incited Riot in Hebron". ''[[The Boston Globe]]''; Amos Harel and Jonathan Lis (July 31, 2002). "Minister's Aide Calls Hebron Riots a 'Pogrom'". ''[[Haaretz]]''. p. 409, notes 55, 56.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|The Scotsman|2002}}.</ref>

Sheik Farid Khader heads the Ja'bari tribe, consisting of some 35,000 people, which is considered one of the most important tribes in Hebron. For years, members of the Ja'bari tribe were the mayors of Hebron. Khader regularly meets with settlers and Israeli government officials and is a strong opponent of both the concept of Palestinian State and the Palestinian Authority itself. Khader believes that Jews and Arabs must learn to coexist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.israelhayom.com/site/newsletter_article.php?id=1713 |title=Jewish presence in Hebron is an indisputable historical fact |newspaper=Israel Hayom |date=November 4, 2011 |access-date=March 26, 2013}}</ref> [[1980 Hebron attack|A violent episode]] occurred May 2, 1980, when an [[Al Fatah]] squad killed five yeshiva students and one other person on their way home from Sabbath prayer at the [[Tomb of the Patriarchs]].<ref>{{harvnb|Cohen|1985|p=105}}</ref> The event provided a major motivation for settlers near Hebron to join the [[Jewish Underground]].<ref>{{harvnb|Feige|2009|p=158}}</ref>

In the 1980s Hebron, became the center of the Jewish [[Kach and Kahane Chai|Kach]] movement, a designated terrorist organization,<ref>{{harvnb|Cordesman|2006|p=135}}.</ref> whose first operations started there, and provided a model for similar behavior in other settlements. On July 26, 1983, Israeli settlers [[Attack on students at the Islamic College in Hebron|attacked]] the Islamic University and shot three people dead and injured over thirty others.<ref>''Without Prejudice: The Eaford International Review of Racial Discrimination.'' International Organization for the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination – 1987. p. 81.</ref> The 1994 [[Shamgar Commission]] of Inquiry concluded that Israeli authorities had consistently failed to investigate or prosecute crimes committed by settlers against Palestinians. Hebron IDF commander Noam Tivon said that his foremost concern is to "ensure the security of the Jewish settlers" and that Israeli "soldiers have acted with the utmost restraint and have not initiated any shooting attacks or violence".<ref>{{cite news |author=Margot Dudkevitch |date=October 6, 2000 |title=IDF: Palestinians offer $2,000 for 'martyrs' |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/jpost/access/62288539.html?dids=62288539:62288539&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+6%2C+2000&author=MARGOT+DUDKEVITCH&pub=Jerusalem+Post&edition=&startpage=03.A&desc=IDF%3A+Palestinians+offer+%242%2C000+for+%27martyrs%27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090803082106/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/jpost/access/62288539.html?dids=62288539:62288539&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+6%2C+2000&author=MARGOT+DUDKEVITCH&pub=Jerusalem+Post&edition=&startpage=03.A&desc=IDF%3A+Palestinians+offer+%242%2C000+for+%27martyrs%27 |archive-date=August 3, 2009 |newspaper=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref>